tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-25200103425614152622024-02-20T12:27:39.637-08:00ManilaImage by Boerxyosef tejasukmanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07294875116664513959noreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2520010342561415262.post-20055474838129816232008-12-15T17:49:00.000-08:002008-12-15T17:51:33.728-08:00<h1 class="firstHeading">Manila</h1> <h3 id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</h3> <div id="jump-to-nav">Jump to: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#column-one">navigation</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#searchInput">search</a></div> <!-- start content --> <div class="dablink">For other meanings of the word, see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_%28disambiguation%29" title="Manila (disambiguation)">Manila (disambiguation)</a>. For the greater metropolitan area, see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a>.</div> <table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width: 23em; text-align: left;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="width: 100%; font-size: 1.25em; white-space: nowrap;" align="center"><b><span class="fn org">City of Manila</span><br /><span class="nickname"><i>Lungsod ng Maynila</i></span></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0.7em 0.8em; text-align: center;"> <div class="floatnone"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Manila_skyline.jpg" class="image" title="The Manila skyline"><img alt="The Manila skyline" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/ca/Manila_skyline.jpg/250px-Manila_skyline.jpg" width="250" border="0" height="54" /></a></div> <small>The Manila skyline</small></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td class="maptable" colspan="2" style="padding: 0.4em 0pt;" align="center"> <table style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 100%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" align="center"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ph_flag_manila.gif" class="image" title="Flag of City of Manila"><img alt="Flag of City of Manila" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Ph_flag_manila.gif" class="thumbborder" width="150" border="0" height="75" /></a><br /><small><b>Flag</b></small></td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;" align="center"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ph_seal_ncr_manila.png" class="image" title="Official seal of City of Manila"><img alt="Official seal of City of Manila" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Ph_seal_ncr_manila.png/100px-Ph_seal_ncr_manila.png" width="100" border="0" height="100" /></a><br /><small><b>Seal</b></small></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickname" title="Nickname">Nickname</a>(s): <span class="nickname">"<i>Perla del Oriente</i> (Pearl of the Orient) "Queen of the Orient"; "The City of Our Affections"; "City by the Bay"; "<i>La Insigne y Siempre Leal Ciudad</i> (Distinguished and Ever Loyal City)"</span></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motto" title="Motto">Motto</a>: <i>Linisin Ikarangal Maynila</i></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"> <div class="floatnone"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ph_locator_ncr_manila.png" class="image" title="Map of Metro Manila showing the location of the City of Manila"><img alt="Map of Metro Manila showing the location of the City of Manila" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Ph_locator_ncr_manila.png/250px-Ph_locator_ncr_manila.png" width="250" border="0" height="293" /></a></div> <small>Map of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a> showing the location of the City of Manila</small></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: smaller; padding-bottom: 0.7em;">Coordinates: <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><img class="noprint" style="padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; cursor: pointer;" title="show location on an interactive map" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Erioll_world.svg/18px-Erioll_world.svg.png" /><a href="http://stable.toolserver.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Manila&params=14_35_N_120_58_E_type:city" class="external text" title="http://stable.toolserver.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Manila&params=14_35_N_120_58_E_type:city" rel="nofollow"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for 14°35′N 120°58′E"><span class="latitude">14°35′N</span> <span class="longitude">120°58′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec geo" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for 14.583 120.967"><span class="latitude">14.583</span>, <span class="longitude">120.967</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th>Country</th> <th><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>Region</th> <th><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">National Capital Region</a></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>Districts</th> <th><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_Districts_of_Manila" title="Congressional Districts of Manila" class="mw-redirect">1st to 6th districts of Manila</a></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barangays" title="Barangays" class="mw-redirect">Barangays</a></th> <th>897</th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th>Incorporated (city)</th> <td>June 10, 1574</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2"><b>Government</b></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th> - Mayor</th> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfredo_Lim" title="Alfredo Lim">Alfredo Lim</a> (2007-2010; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genuine_Opposition" title="Genuine Opposition">GO</a>)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th> - Vice Mayor</th> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isko_Moreno" title="Isko Moreno">Isko Moreno</a> (2007-2010; (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asenso_Manilenyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asenso Manilenyo (page does not exist)">AM</a>/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-Laban" title="PDP-Laban" class="mw-redirect">PDP-Laban</a>/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genuine_Opposition" title="Genuine Opposition">GO</a>)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area" title="Area">Area</a></b></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th> - City</th> <td>38.55 km² (14.9 sq mi)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevation" title="Elevation">Elevation</a></b></td> <td>16.0 m (52 ft)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td colspan="2"><b>Population</b> (2007)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th> - City</th> <td>1,660,714</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">Density</a></th> <td>43,079/km² (26,774/sq mi)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a></th> <td>11,553,427</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Standard_Time" title="Philippine Standard Time">PST</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC%2B8" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a>)</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th>ZIP code</th> <td>0900 to 1096</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code(s)</a></th> <td>2</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="mergedtoprow" style="text-align: center;"><b>Website:</b> <a href="http://www.manila.gov.ph/" class="external text" title="http://www.manila.gov.ph/" rel="nofollow">www.manila.gov.ph/</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>The <b>City of Manila</b> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a>: <i>Lungsod ng Maynila</i>), or simply <b>Manila</b>, is the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital" title="Capital">capital</a> of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> and one of the 17 cities and municipalities that make up <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a>. Located on the eastern shores of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Bay" title="Manila Bay">Manila Bay</a> just west of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Capital_Region" title="National Capital Region" class="mw-redirect">National Capital Region</a> in western side of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>, it is one of the central hubs of a thriving metropolitan area home to over 14 million people.<sup id="cite_ref-demographia_0-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-demographia-0" title=""><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Manila, occupying a total land area of 38.3 square kilometers,<sup id="cite_ref-wow_1-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-wow-1" title=""><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> is the second most populous city in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, with more than 1.6 million inhabitants. Only nearby <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>, the country's former capital, is more populous. The metropolitan area is the second most populous in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-demographia_0-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-demographia-0" title=""><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Manila lies about 950 kilometers southeast of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, 2,400 kilometers northeast of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> and more than 2,100 kilometers northeast of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasig_River" title="Pasig River">Pasig River</a> bisects the city in the middle. Almost all of the city sits on top of centuries of prehistoric <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvium" title="Alluvium">alluvial</a> deposits built by the waters of the Pasig River and on some land reclaimed from Manila Bay. The layout of the city was haphazardly planned during Spanish Era as a set of communities surrounding the original Spanish Era walled city of Manila, called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros" class="mw-redirect">Intramuros</a>. Intramuros is one of the oldest walled cities in the Far East. During the American Period, some semblance of city planning using the architectural designs and master plans by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Burnham" title="Daniel Burnham">Daniel Burnham</a> was done on the portions of the city south of the Pasig River.</p> <p>Manila is bordered by several cities in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a> such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navotas,_Metro_Manila" title="Navotas, Metro Manila" class="mw-redirect">Navotas</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caloocan_City" title="Caloocan City">Caloocan City</a> to the north, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a> to the northeast, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="San Juan, Metro Manila" class="mw-redirect">San Juan</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandaluyong_City" title="Mandaluyong City">Mandaluyong City</a> to the east, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makati_City" title="Makati City">Makati City</a> to the southeast, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasay_City" title="Pasay City">Pasay City</a> to the south.</p> <p>Well into the 13th century, the city consisted of a fortified settlement and trading quarter at the bay of the Pasig River, on top of previous older towns. The official name of the city under its <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_people" title="Malay people" class="mw-redirect">Malay</a> aristocracy was <i>Seludong/Selurung</i>, which was the same name given for the general region of southwestern <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a> at that time, suggesting that it was the capital of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Tondo" title="Ancient Tondo" class="mw-redirect">Ancient Tondo</a>. However, the city became known by the name given to it by its <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagalog_people" title="Tagalog people">Tagalog</a> inhabitants, <i>Maynila</i>, first recorded as <i>Maynilad</i>. The name is based on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scyphiphora_hydrophyllacea" title="Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea">nila</a>, a flowering mangrove plant that grew on the marshy shores of the bay, used to produce soap for regional trade; it is either from the phrase <i>may nila</i>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> for "there is <i>nila</i>," or it has a prefix <i>ma-</i> indicating the place where something is prevalent (<i>nila</i> itself is probably from Sanskrit <i>nila</i> 'indigo tree').<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-2" title=""><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> (The idea that the plant name is actually "nilad" is a myth.)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-3" title=""><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>The original Manila was inside the fortified walls of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros" class="mw-redirect">Intramuros</a> (meaning within the walls) which was constructed and designed by Spanish <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuit" title="Jesuit" class="mw-redirect">Jesuit</a> missionaries to keep from invading Chinese pirates and natives uprising.</p> <p>Manila became the seat of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonial</a> government of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> when it officially controlled the Philippine Islands for over three centuries from 1565 to 1898. During the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_occupation_of_the_Philippines" title="British occupation of the Philippines">British occupation of the Philippines</a>, the city was occupied by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> for two years from 1762-1764 as part of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years_War" title="Seven Years War" class="mw-redirect">Seven Years War</a>. The city remained the capital of the Philippines under the government of the provisional British governor, acting through the Archbishop of Manila and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Audiencia" title="Real Audiencia" class="mw-redirect">Real Audiencia</a>. Armed resistance to the British centred in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampanga" title="Pampanga">Pampanga</a>.</p> <p>Manila also became famous during the Manila-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acapulco" title="Acapulco">Acapulco</a> trade which lasted for three centuries and brought the goods as far as Mexico all the way to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_East_Asia" title="South East Asia" class="mw-redirect">South East Asia</a>. In 1899, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> purchased the Philippines from Spain and colonized the whole Philippine archipelago until 1946. During <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, much of the city was destroyed. It was the second most destroyed city in the world after <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, Poland during <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. The Metropolitan Manila region was enacted as an independent entity in 1975.</p> <p>Manila has been classified as a "Gamma" <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_city" title="Global city">global city</a> by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-4" title=""><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <table id="toc" class="toc" summary="Contents"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> <span class="toctoggle">[<a href="javascript:toggleToc()" class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>]</span></div> <ul><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Pre-colonial_era"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Pre-colonial era</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Spanish_rule"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Spanish rule</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#British_occupation"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">British occupation</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Katipunan_years"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Katipunan years</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#American_period"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">American period</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Japanese_invasion"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">Japanese invasion</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Martial_Law_years"><span class="tocnumber">1.7</span> <span class="toctext">Martial Law years</span></a></li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Geographical_History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Geographical History</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Government"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Government</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#City_seal"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">City seal</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Geographical_districts"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Geographical districts</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#National_government_offices"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">National government offices</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Parks_and_open_areas"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Parks and open areas</span></a></li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Economy"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Economy</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Demographics"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Demographics</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Population_density"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Population density</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Languages"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Languages</span></a></li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Religion"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Religion</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Roman_Catholicism"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Roman Catholicism</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Protestant_churches"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Protestant churches</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Islam.2C_Buddhism_and_other_faiths"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Islam, Buddhism and other faiths</span></a></li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Education"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Education</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Transportation"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Transportation</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Air"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Air</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Roads"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Roads</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Bridges"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">Bridges</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Rail_transport"><span class="tocnumber">8.4</span> <span class="toctext">Rail transport</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Public_transport"><span class="tocnumber">8.5</span> <span class="toctext">Public transport</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Seaports_and_Piers"><span class="tocnumber">8.6</span> <span class="toctext">Seaports and Piers</span></a></li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Communication"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Communication</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Postal_service"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Postal service</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Print_and_publication"><span class="tocnumber">9.2</span> <span class="toctext">Print and publication</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#News_agencies"><span class="tocnumber">9.3</span> <span class="toctext">News agencies</span></a></li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Medical_facilities"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Medical facilities</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Places_of_interest"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Places of interest</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#General_landmarks"><span class="tocnumber">11.1</span> <span class="toctext">General landmarks</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Cemeteries"><span class="tocnumber">11.2</span> <span class="toctext">Cemeteries</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Hotels"><span class="tocnumber">11.3</span> <span class="toctext">Hotels</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Museums"><span class="tocnumber">11.4</span> <span class="toctext">Museums</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Sporting_venues"><span class="tocnumber">11.5</span> <span class="toctext">Sporting venues</span></a></li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Sister_cities"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Sister cities</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#References"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">15</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">16</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li></ul> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } //]]> </script> <p><a name="History" id="History"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">History</span></h2> <dl><dd><span class="boilerplate seealso"><i>See also: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Philippine_history" title="Timeline of Philippine history" class="mw-redirect">Timeline of Philippine history</a></i></span></dd></dl> <p><a name="Pre-colonial_era" id="Pre-colonial_era"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pre-colonial era">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Pre-colonial era</span></h3> <dl><dd> <div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Main articles: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Maynila" title="Kingdom of Maynila">Kingdom of Maynila</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tondo" title="Kingdom of Tondo">Kingdom of Tondo</a></i></div> </dd></dl> <p>When the Mongols invaded China, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Shijie" title="Zhang Shijie">Zhang Shijie</a>'s fleet and the last <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song" title="Song">Song</a> emperor was believed to have escaped to pre-colonial Philippines and established the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzon_Empire" title="Luzon Empire" class="mw-redirect">Luzon Empire</a> or the <i>Lesser Song Empire</i>.<sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources since November 2008" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</span></sup> It was also known as <i>Gintu</i> ("The Land of Gold") or <i>Suarnabumi</i> by its neighbors. The said empire flourished during the latter half of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_Dynasty" title="Ming Dynasty">Ming Dynasty</a> when China closed its doors to foreign trade.<sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources since November 2008" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</span></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Tondo" title="Ancient Tondo" class="mw-redirect">Ancient Tondo</a> has always been the traditional capital of the empire. Its rulers were equivalents to kings and not mere chieftains, and they were addressed as <i>panginuan</i> or <i>panginoon</i> ("lords"), <i>anak banua</i> ("son of heaven") or <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakandula" title="Lakandula">lakandula</a></i> ("lord of the palace").</p> <p>During the reign of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolkiah" title="Bolkiah">Bolkiah</a> (1485-1521) the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Kingdom of Brunei</a> decided to break the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzon_Empire" title="Luzon Empire" class="mw-redirect">Luzon Empire</a>'s monopoly in the China trade by attacking <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Tondo" title="Ancient Tondo" class="mw-redirect">Tondo</a> and establishing the city state of Selurong (now Manila) as a Burneian satellite. A new dynasty under the Salalila was also established to challenge the House of Lakandula in Tondo.</p> <p>In the mid-16th century, the areas of present-day Manila were part of larger <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalassocracy" title="Thalassocracy">thalassocracies</a> governed by Muslim <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajah" title="Rajah" class="mw-redirect">Rajahs</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajah_Sulayman" title="Rajah Sulayman" class="mw-redirect">Rajah Sulayman</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajah_Matanda" title="Rajah Matanda">Rajah Matanda</a> ruled the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> communities south of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasig_River" title="Pasig River">Pasig River</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajah_Lakandula" title="Rajah Lakandula" class="mw-redirect">Rajah Lakandula</a> ruled the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tondo" title="Kingdom of Tondo">Kingdom of Tondo</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism_in_Southeast_Asia" title="Hinduism in Southeast Asia">Hindu</a>-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist" title="Buddhist" class="mw-redirect">Buddhist</a> community north of the river. The two Muslim communities of Sulayman and Matanda were unified into the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Maynila" title="Kingdom of Maynila">Kingdom of Maynila</a>. Both city-states were officially <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Malay" title="Old Malay">Malay</a>-speaking and held diplomatic ties with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolkiah" title="Bolkiah">Bolkiah</a> dynasty of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, and the sultanates of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sulu" title="Sultanate of Sulu" class="mw-redirect">Sulu</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ternate,_Cavite" title="Ternate, Cavite">Ternate</a>.</p> <p><a name="Spanish_rule" id="Spanish_rule"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Spanish rule">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Spanish rule</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 152px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fort_Santiago_Gate.jpg" class="image" title="The Entrance of the Real Fuerza de Santiago (Royal of Fort of Santiago or simply Fort Santiago)"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Fort_Santiago_Gate.jpg/150px-Fort_Santiago_Gate.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="150" border="0" height="200" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fort_Santiago_Gate.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> The Entrance of the Real Fuerza de Santiago (Royal of Fort of Santiago or simply <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Santiago" title="Fort Santiago">Fort Santiago</a>)</div> </div> </div> <p>Governor-General <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpi" title="Miguel López de Legazpi">Miguel López de Legazpi</a>, searching for a suitable place to establish his capital after being compelled to move from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panay" title="Panay">Panay</a> by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portugese</a> pirates, and hearing of the existence of a prosperous sultanate in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>, sent an expedition under Marshall <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_de_Goiti" title="Martin de Goiti">Martin de Goiti</a> and Captain <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_de_Salcedo" title="Juan de Salcedo">Juan de Salcedo</a> to discover its location and potentials. De Goiti anchored at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavite" title="Cavite">Cavite</a>, and tried to establish his authority peaceably by sending a message of friendship to Maynilad. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajah_Sulayman" title="Rajah Sulayman" class="mw-redirect">Rajah Sulayman</a>, then its ruler, was willing to accept the friendship that the Spaniards were offering, but did not want to submit to its sovereignty unto them and waged war against them.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-5" title=""><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> As a result, De Goiti and his army attacked Maynilad on June 1570. After a stout fight, he captured the city before returning to Panay.</p> <p>In 1571, the Spaniards returned, this time led by Legazpi himself along with his entire force (consisting of 280 Spaniards and 600 native allies). Seeing them approach, the natives set the city on fire and fled to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Tondo" title="Ancient Tondo" class="mw-redirect">ancient Tondo</a> and neighboring towns. The Spaniards occupied the ruins of Maynilad and established a settlement there. On June 3, 1571, Legaspi gave the title <i>city</i> to the colony of Manila.<sup id="cite_ref-Blair1911pp173-174_6-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-Blair1911pp173-174-6" title=""><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> The title was certified on June 19, 1572.<sup id="cite_ref-Blair1911pp173-174_6-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-Blair1911pp173-174-6" title=""><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> Under Spain, Manila became the colonial entrepot in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a>. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_galleon" title="Manila galleon">Manila-Acapulco Galleon</a> trade route between the Philippines and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> flourished from 1571 until 1815<sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources since November 2008" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</span></sup>.</p> <p>Because of the Spanish presence in the area, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese" title="Chinese">Chinese</a> people, who were living in the area and engaging in free trade relations with the natives, were subjected to commercial restrictions as well as laws requiring them to pay tribute to Spanish authorities. As a result, the Chinese revolted against the Spaniards in 1574, when a force of about 3,000 men and 62 Chinese warships under the command of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limahong" title="Limahong">Limahong</a> attacked the city. The said attempt was fruitless, and the Chinese were defeated. In order to safeguard the city from similar uprisings later, the Spanish authorities confined the Chinese residents and merchants to a separate district called <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parian" title="Parian">Parian de Alcaceria</a></i>.</p> <p>On June 19, 1591, after the commencing the construction of the fort there, Legazpi made overtures of friendship of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajah_Lakandula" title="Rajah Lakandula" class="mw-redirect">Rajah Lakandula</a> of Tondo, which was prudently accepted. However, Rajah Sulayman refused to submit to the Spaniards and gathered together a force composed of Tagalog warriors after failing to get the support of Lakandula and that of the chieftains of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagonoy" title="Hagonoy">Hagonoy</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macabebe" title="Macabebe" class="mw-redirect">Macabebe</a>. On June 03, 1571<sup id="cite_ref-lonelyplanet_7-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-lonelyplanet-7" title=""><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup>, Sulayman led his troops and attacked the Spaniards in a decisive battle at the town of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bankusay_Channel" title="Battle of Bankusay Channel">Bangkusay</a>, but they were defeated, and Sulayman himself was killed. With the destruction of Sulayman's army and the friendship with Rajah Lakandula, the Spaniards were enabled to establish throughout the city and its neighboring towns. Rajah Matanda consented to give the Spaniards a land for their settlement and moved out of Maynilad. Because of Matanda's recognition of the Spanish authority, he was proclaimed as the first Christian. Through his efforts, many of his relatives were converted to Christianity. When Matanda died in 1572, Legazpi and other high officials carried his remains and placed it in front of the main altar of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Cathedral" title="Manila Cathedral">Manila Cathedral</a>, a place of the highest honor. This act overwhelmed the other native chieftains like Lakandula who was baptized as Don Carlos Lacadola to accept the Spanish sovereignty. According to historian <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Foreman" title="John Foreman">John Foreman</a>, "Lakandula appears to have been regarded more as a servant by the Spaniards, rather than a free ally." To ensure their loyalty the Spaniards they were given privileges and titles. Eventually, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustinian" title="Augustinian" class="mw-redirect">Augustinians</a> came to spread the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic" title="Roman Catholic" class="mw-redirect">Roman Catholic</a> faith through the establishment of schools and parishes. They were soon followed by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscan" title="Franciscan">Franciscans</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuit" title="Jesuit" class="mw-redirect">Jesuits</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominicans</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustinian" title="Augustinian" class="mw-redirect">Augustinians</a> and other religious orders who came later in the centuries.</p> <p>In 1595, Manila was decreed to be the capital of the Philippines, although it had already in fact served that function practically from its founding in 1571. Legazpi then ordered the creation of a municipal government or <i>cabildo</i> with a set of Spanish-style houses, monasteries, nunneries, churches, and schools giving birth to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros" class="mw-redirect">Intramuros</a>.</p> <p>At various times in the following century, the Chinese rose in revolt against the Spaniards. In 1602, they set fire to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quiapo" title="Quiapo">Quiapo</a> and Tondo, and for a time threatened to capture Intramuros. In 1662, they again revolted, while in 1686, a conspiracy led by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tingco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tingco (page does not exist)">Tingco</a> plotted to kill all the Spaniards. These events led to the expulsion of the Chinese from Manila and the entire country by virtue of the decrees that were made by the Spanish authorities to that effect. However, later reconciliations nearly always permitted the continuation of the Chinese community in the city.</p> <p><a name="British_occupation" id="British_occupation"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: British occupation">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">British occupation</span></h3> <dl><dd> <div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_occupation_of_the_Philippines" title="British occupation of the Philippines">British occupation of the Philippines</a></i></div> </dd></dl> <p>There was a brief British occupation of Manila from 1762-1764 as a result of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a>, which was fought between <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Britain</a>. Spain became a British enemy when it sided with France due to ties between their royal families. The fleeing Spaniards destroyed many of the records, and in the sack of the town by the British, many historical documents of great value were destroyed or stolen from the archives.</p> <p>In reality the British only controlled Manila and Cavite. But Manila was the capital, and key, to the Spanish Philippines, and the British accepted the written surrender of the Spanish government in the Philippines from Archbishop Rojo and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Audiencia" title="Real Audiencia" class="mw-redirect">Real Audiencia</a> on 30 October 1762.<sup id="cite_ref-tracy1995p54_8-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-tracy1995p54-8" title=""><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>The terms of surrender proposed by the Real Audencia and agreed to by the British leaders, secured private property, guaranteed the Roman Catholic religion and its episcopal government, and granted the citizens of the former Spanish colony the rights of peaceful travel and of trade 'as British subjects'. Under the direction of the provisional British governor, the Philippines continued to be governed by the Real Audencia, the expenses of which were agreed to be paid for by Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-tracy1995p54_8-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-tracy1995p54-8" title=""><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>The only armed resistance to the British was in Pampanga where Oidor Don <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_de_Anda_y_Salazar" title="Simón de Anda y Salazar">Simón de Anda y Salazar</a> established his headquarters first in Bulacan, then in Bacolor. <sup id="cite_ref-tracy1995p58_9-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-tracy1995p58-9" title=""><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup>,</p> <p>The terms of surrender signed by Archbishop Rojo and the Real Audencia, and sealed with the Spanish Royal Seal, ceded the entire archipelago to Great Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-Fish2003p134_10-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-Fish2003p134-10" title=""><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>An unknown number of Indian soldiers known as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepoy" title="Sepoy">Sepoys</a>, who came with the British, deserted and settled in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cainta,_Rizal" title="Cainta, Rizal">Cainta, Rizal</a>, which explains the uniquely Indian features of generations of Cainta residents.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-11" title=""><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Katipunan_years" id="Katipunan_years"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Katipunan years">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Katipunan years</span></h3> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"> <div style="width: 52px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image" title="Question book-new.svg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" width="50" border="0" height="39" /></a></div> </td> <td class="mbox-text" style="">This article <b>does not <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references or sources</a></b>. Please help <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit" class="external text" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit" rel="nofollow">improve this article</a> by adding citations to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable sources</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Unverifiable</a> material may be challenged and removed. <small><i>(September 2008)</i></small></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Being the traditional seat of education and liberal thinking in the Philippines, Manila was a rich field for anti-Spanish propaganda. The seeds of revolution germinated in 1886 with the publication of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Jose_Rizal" title="Dr. Jose Rizal" class="mw-redirect">Dr. Jose Rizal</a>'s book <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noli_Me_Tangere" title="Noli Me Tangere" class="mw-redirect">Noli Me Tangere</a></i> (<i>Touch Me Not</i>), a novel critical of the way the Spanish friars were governing the Philippines. The Spanish government condemned the book, and Rizal was exiled to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapitan" title="Dapitan" class="mw-redirect">Dapitan</a>. In 1892, he returned to Manila to found <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Liga_Filipina" title="La Liga Filipina">La Liga Filipina</a></i>, a nationalistic organization. Later that year, in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tondo" title="Tondo">Tondo</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andres_Bonifacio" title="Andres Bonifacio" class="mw-redirect">Andres Bonifacio</a> founded the <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katipunan" title="Katipunan">Katipunan</a></i>, a secret organization devoted to the overthrow of Spanish rule in the country.</p> <p>Although initial skirmishes between the Filipinos and Spaniards were brief and nearly always lost by the Filipinos, the movement grew until open rebellion broke out in August 1896 when the Spaniards discovered the Katipunan. With the unmasking of the Katipunan, Bonifacio called the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tejeros_Convention" title="Tejeros Convention">Tejeros Convention</a>, at which the revolutionary Tejeros government was formed, with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="General Emilio Aguinaldo" class="mw-redirect">General Emilio Aguinaldo</a> at its head. The Tejeros government was unsuccessful in its fight for freedom from Spain, and as part of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pact_of_Biak-na-Bato" title="Pact of Biak-na-Bato">Pact of Biak-na-Bato</a> peace treaty, General Aguinaldo accepted exile in Hong Kong. Dr. Rizal became a martyr of the revolution when the Spaniards executed him by firing squad on December 30, 1896.</p> <p><a name="American_period" id="American_period"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: American period">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">American period</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 212px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EscoltaManila1899.jpg" class="image" title="Escolta Street in stereoptical view, 1899"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/EscoltaManila1899.jpg/210px-EscoltaManila1899.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="210" border="0" height="106" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EscoltaManila1899.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> Escolta Street in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereoscope" title="Stereoscope" class="mw-redirect">stereoptical</a> view, 1899</div> </div> </div> <p>U.S. Troops invaded Manila in 1898 and waged war with the Spaniards and Filipinos in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish-American_War" title="Spanish-American War">Spanish-American War</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine-American_War" title="Philippine-American War" class="mw-redirect">Philippine-American War</a>. Following the defeat of Spain, U.S. forces took control of the city and the islands in one of the most brutal and forgotten chapters of Philippine American history.</p> <p>The American Navy, under Admiral <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Dewey" title="George Dewey">George Dewey</a>, defeated the Spanish squadron in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_Bay" title="Battle of Manila Bay" class="mw-redirect">Battle of Manila Bay</a> on May 1st, 1898. Admiral Dewey testified that after the battle the Spanish Governor wished to surrender to the Americans rather than the Filipinos, whom he feared.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-12" title=""><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Having just won their independence from Spain, the Filipinos were fiercely opposed to once again being occupied. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a> proclaimed the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Philippine_Republic" title="First Philippine Republic">First Philippine Republic</a> at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malolos_Congress" title="Malolos Congress">Malolos Congress</a> and had begun to build the foundations for an independent nation. Admiral Dewey, however, claimed he never recognized the Philippine Republic, as he did not have the authority to do so and did not consider it an organized government.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-13" title=""><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> War broke out between the Filipinos and the Americans on February 4, 1899, when an American soldier shot and killed a Filipino in Manila. The Americans pursued the retreating Filipino forces province by province, until General Emilio Aguinaldo (then president of the Republic) surrendered in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palanan" title="Palanan" class="mw-redirect">Palanan</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabela" title="Isabela">Isabela</a>, on March 23, 1901.</p> <p>American high command at that time was headed by General Otis who ordered invasion and occupation. By that time the Filipino troops had taken classic defensive positions around Manila to attempt to keep them out. However, the poorly armed, ill-trained soldiers could not compete with the superior firepower of the Americans and they lost and were severely beaten; so much so that it has been reported that the dead were used as breastworks.<sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources since March 2008" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</span></sup></p> <p>Under the command of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aguinaldo" title="Aguinaldo">Aguinaldo</a> the Filipinos began a guerrilla campaign to resist the new occupiers. This campaign had limited success in the early days following the initial occupation of the Americans although any successes were short-lived. The replacement of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Otis" title="General Otis" class="mw-redirect">General Otis</a> by General <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_MacArthur,_Jr." title="Arthur MacArthur, Jr.">Arthur MacArthur, Jr.</a> began an extensive campaign to suppress the local population.</p> <p>This campaign by the USA has been reported as being a particularly bloody suppression with wild reports of commanders ordering the murder of everyone over 10 years old. Several books have been written on this war and it's implications for both the local peoples and the US. These books are largely hostile to the US: <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-14" title=""><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_%281898%29" title="Treaty of Paris (1898)">Treaty of Paris</a> in 1898, Spain handed over the Philippines to the United States of America for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US$" title="US$" class="mw-redirect">US$</a> 20,000,000 and ending 333 years of Spanish rule in the islands. <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-15" title=""><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-16" title=""><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Manila continued under an American military government until civil government was established for the city on July 31, 1901. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine-American_War" title="Philippine-American War" class="mw-redirect">Philippine-American War</a> continued through 1903 at the cost of many lives both in Manila and elsewhere in the Islands. In 1935, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> government committed itself to granting the Philippines Independence after a ten-year transition, a period that was extended by one year due to World War II.</p> <p><a name="Japanese_invasion" id="Japanese_invasion"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Japanese invasion">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Japanese invasion</span></h3> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"> <div style="width: 52px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image" title="Question book-new.svg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" width="50" border="0" height="39" /></a></div> </td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""><b>This section does not <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references or sources</a>.</b><br /><small class="plainlinks">Please help <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit" class="external text" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit" rel="nofollow">improve this section</a> by adding citations to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable sources</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Unverifiable</a> material may be challenged and removed. <i>(May 2008)</i></small></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>American combat units were ordered to withdraw from the city and all military installations removed on December 30, 1941. Manila was declared an open city by President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_L._Quezon" title="Manuel L. Quezon">Manuel L. Quezon</a>, to spare the city from death and destruction. Quezon issued a decree enlarging the safe zone to include outlying areas of Manila as safe zones, establishing the new administrative jurisdiction, Greater Manila.</p> <p>The post of mayor of Greater Manila was given to Quezon's former Executive Secretary, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_B._Vargas" title="Jorge B. Vargas">Jorge B. Vargas</a>. On the evening of New Year's Day of 1942, a Japanese courier delivered notice to Vargas that Japanese forces already bivouacked at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque" title="Parañaque" class="mw-redirect">Parañaque</a> would enter Greater Manila the following day. From 9 am to 10 am of January 2, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese imperial</a> forces marched into the City of Manila.</p> <p>Vargas was tasked to hand over to the new authorities Greater Manila and present the remaining Filipino leaders to Japanese authorities. Vargas and the Filipino leaders present were asked to choose three options; (1) a purely Japanese military administration, (2) a dictatorial government run by a Filipino under <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemio_Ricarte" title="Artemio Ricarte">General Artemio Ricarte</a> who went on self-exile to Japan after the Filipino-American war, or (3) a government by commission selected by Filipinos. Vargas and the local leaders chose the third option and established the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Executive_Commission" title="Philippine Executive Commission">Philippine Executive Commission</a> to manage initially Greater Manila, and was later expanded to cover the whole of the Philippines.</p> <p>Vargas assumed the chairmanship of the Philippine Executive Commission and appointed to the post of Mayor of Greater Manila in 1942, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_G._Guinto_Sr." title="Leon G. Guinto Sr." class="mw-redirect">Leon G. Guinto Sr.</a>, a Secretary of Labor under the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Commonwealth" title="Philippine Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect">Philippine Commonwealth</a> administration of President Manuel L. Quezon. Guinto held the position of Mayor of Greater Manila until the liberation of the city.</p> <p>On October 20, 1944 American General <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a> fulfilled a promise to return to the Philippines (see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte" title="Battle of Leyte">Battle of Leyte</a>). From February 3 to March 3 1945, after the climactic battle at Intramuros ended, the thoroughly devastated city of Manila was officially <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_for_the_Liberation_of_Manila" title="Battle for the Liberation of Manila" class="mw-redirect">liberated</a> by joint Filipino and American troops against the Japanese. Allied Filipino & American troops did not reach the city in time to prevent the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Massacre" title="Manila Massacre" class="mw-redirect">Manila Massacre</a> though. Soon, Greater Manila was dissolved, and its towns returned to their pre-war status. On July 4, 1946, the Philippine flag was raised for the first time in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizal_Park" title="Rizal Park">Rizal Park</a>.</p> <p><a name="Martial_Law_years" id="Martial_Law_years"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Martial Law years">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Martial Law years</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 177px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EDSA_Revolution_pic1.jpg" class="image" title="EDSA Revolution"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3b/EDSA_Revolution_pic1.jpg/175px-EDSA_Revolution_pic1.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="175" border="0" height="125" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EDSA_Revolution_pic1.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> EDSA Revolution</div> </div> </div> <p>Between 1972 and 1981, Manila and the rest of the country was placed under <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a> by President Marcos. During that period, the local economy continued disintegration amid charges of overwhelming corruption by Marcos and his associates.<sup id="cite_ref-lonelyplanet_7-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-lonelyplanet-7" title=""><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> On August 21, 1983, opposition leader <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benigno_Aquino" title="Benigno Aquino">Benigno Aquino</a> flew to Manila from the United States and was assassinated as he left the airplane in Manila. Increasingly, the population opposed Marcos' rule. After the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a>, Aquino's widow, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon</a>, was installed as president in 1986. During the Aquino presidency, Manila witnessed six unsuccessful <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup" title="Coup" class="mw-redirect">coup</a> attempts, the most serious occurring in December 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-encarta_17-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-encarta-17" title=""><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Geographical_History" id="Geographical_History"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geographical History">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Geographical History</span></h2> <dl><dd><i>Further information: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzon_Empire" title="Luzon Empire" class="mw-redirect">Luzon Empire</a></i></dd><dd><i>Further information: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Tondo" title="Ancient Tondo" class="mw-redirect">Ancient Tondo</a></i></dd></dl> <p>Before and during the Spanish colonization of the Philippines, Manila was the provincial capital over a province whose territory at one time covered nearly all of Luzon, and included the modern territorial subdivisions of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampanga" title="Pampanga">Pampanga</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulacan" title="Bulacan">Bulacan</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizal_Province" title="Rizal Province" class="mw-redirect">Rizal</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laguna" title="Laguna">Laguna</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batangas" title="Batangas">Batangas</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quezon_Province" title="Quezon Province" class="mw-redirect">Quezon</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindoro" title="Mindoro">Mindoro</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masbate" title="Masbate">Masbate</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marinduque" title="Marinduque">Marinduque</a>. Later, these subdivisions were themselves made provinces, leaving Manila province with a territory roughly equal to the present City of Manila proper (except Intramuros, the capital site), and the northwestern two-thirds of Rizal province. The boundary of Manila province went from northeast to southwest, including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipolo" title="Antipolo" class="mw-redirect">Antipolo</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cainta" title="Cainta" class="mw-redirect">Cainta</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taytay" title="Taytay">Taytay</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taguig" title="Taguig" class="mw-redirect">Taguig</a>, and all of the towns north and west of them, in Manila province; and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angono" title="Angono" class="mw-redirect">Angono</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teresa,_Rizal" title="Teresa, Rizal">Teresa</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morong" title="Morong">Morong</a>, and the towns south and east of them, in Laguna province. Early in the province's history, the provincial name was changed from Manila to <b>Tondo Province</b>, by which it was known for most of the Spanish era.</p> <p>In about 1853, four <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo" title="Pueblo">pueblos</a> or towns of Tondo Province were joined with the northeastern towns of Laguna province to form the politico-military <i>Distrito de los Montes de San Mateo</i>, or District of the San Mateo Mountains. The Tondo Province annexed to this new district the towns of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cainta" title="Cainta" class="mw-redirect">Cainta</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taytay,_Rizal" title="Taytay, Rizal">Taytay</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipolo" title="Antipolo" class="mw-redirect">Antipolo</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boso-boso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boso-boso (page does not exist)">Boso-boso</a>, while Laguna contributed the towns of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angono" title="Angono" class="mw-redirect">Angono</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binangonan" title="Binangonan" class="mw-redirect">Binangonan</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardona" title="Cardona">Cardona</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morong" title="Morong">Morong</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baras" title="Baras">Baras</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanay" title="Tanay">Tanay</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pililla" title="Pililla" class="mw-redirect">Pililla</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalajala" title="Jalajala" class="mw-redirect">Jalajala</a>. But the name of the new district proved unwieldy, too long, and misled many into thinking the town of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Mateo,_Rizal" title="San Mateo, Rizal">San Mateo</a> (in Tondo province) was the capital of the San Mateo Mountain District, when in reality the district capital was in Morong. So, in 1859, following common practice of the day, the district was renamed after its capital; namely, Morong District. At about the same time, Tondo Province was renamed <b>Manila Province</b>.</p> <div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 212px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Central_manila.JPG" class="image" title="View of the city center as originally depicted in the Burnham Plan"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/97/Central_manila.JPG/210px-Central_manila.JPG" class="thumbimage" width="210" border="0" height="134" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Central_manila.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> View of the city center as originally depicted in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burnham_Plan" title="Burnham Plan">Burnham Plan</a></div> </div> </div> <p>When the Spaniards turned over the Philippines to the hands of the Americans, a civil government was formed. In about the same period, the Manila Province was dissolved by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Commission" title="Philippine Commission">Philippine Commission</a>, and its pueblos were incorporated with those of the District of Morong, forming the new <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizal_Province" title="Rizal Province" class="mw-redirect">Province of Rizal</a>. A few weeks, a new charter for the City of Manila, defining its boundaries and annexing some of towns of the Province of Rizal to its districts. These boundaries were slightly revised and redefined on January 29, 1902 when the suburb of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gagalangin,_Tondo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gagalangin, Tondo (page does not exist)">Gagalangin</a> was annexed to the city district of Tondo, and the former pueblo of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Ana,_Manila" title="Santa Ana, Manila">Santa Ana</a> was turned into a city district of Manila. On July 30 of the same year, the city board officially divided the city into 13 political subdivisions named as districts, and the boundaries of each were defined. On August 15 of the same year, the pueblo of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandacan,_Manila" title="Pandacan, Manila">Pandacan</a> was annexed as a city district. Since then the boundaries and city districts of Manila have remained essentially the same.</p> <p>During World War II, the City of Manila was declared an open city and its administrative boundaries expanded to outlying cities and municipalities. It was called the <b>Greater Manila</b> and included districts such as <i>Bagumbayan</i> means New Town (South of Manila), <i>Bagumpanahon</i> means "New Era" (Sampaloc, Quiapo, San Miguel and Santa Cruz), <i>Bagumbuhay</i> means "New Life" (Tondo), <i>Bagong Diwa</i> means "New Order" (Binondo & San Nicholas), the then newly established <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a> was collapsed and divided into two districts, while the municipalities of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caloocan_City" title="Caloocan City">Caloocan</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Pi%C3%B1as_City" title="Las Piñas City">Las Piñas</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malabon_City" title="Malabon City">Malabon</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makati_City" title="Makati City">Makati</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandaluyong_City" title="Mandaluyong City">Mandaluyong</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navotas_City" title="Navotas City">Navotas</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque_City" title="Parañaque City">Parañaque</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasay_City" title="Pasay City">Pasay</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Juan_City" title="San Juan City">San Juan</a> became districts of Manila.</p> <p>In 1948, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a> was declared the national capital of the new Republic of the Philippines. But on May 29, 1976, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_Ferdinant_E._Marcos" title="President Ferdinant E. Marcos" class="mw-redirect">President Ferdinant E. Marcos</a> returned the national capital to Manila by virtue of the <b>Presidential Decree No. 940</b>, declaring that "the area prescribed as Metro Manila by <b>Presidential Decree 824</b> was to be the seat of the national government.</p> <p><a name="Government" id="Government"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Government">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Government</span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 202px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mlacityhall.jpg" class="image" title="The view of the Manila City Hall's Clock Tower from the old Spanish fortress"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/57/Mlacityhall.jpg/200px-Mlacityhall.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="200" border="0" height="150" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mlacityhall.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> The view of the Manila City Hall's Clock Tower from the old Spanish fortress</div> </div> </div> <p>Like all <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cities_of_the_Philippines" title="Cities of the Philippines">cities of the Philippines</a>, Manila is governed by a mayor who heads the executive department of the city. The current mayor for the 2007-2010 term is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfredo_Lim" title="Alfredo Lim">Alfredo Lim</a>, who is making a comeback to the city hall following a 3-year stint as a Senator. The city mayor is restricted for three consecutive terms (nine years), although he can be elected again after an interruption of one term.</p> <p><a href="http://www.manilacityph.com/vice.html" class="external text" title="http://www.manilacityph.com/vice.html" rel="nofollow">Isko Moreno</a> the city's incumbent vice-mayor heads the legislative arm which is composed of the elected city councilors, six from each of the city's six congressional districts.</p> <p>The city is divided into 897 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barangay" title="Barangay">barangays</a>, which are the smallest unit of local government in the Philippines. Each barangay has its own chairperson and councilors. For administrative convenience, all the barangays in Manila are grouped into 100 zones and which are further grouped into 16 administrative districts. These zones and districts have no form of local government.</p> <p>The city further has six representatives popularly elected to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">House of Representatives</a>, the lower legislative branch of the Philippines. Each representative represents one of the six <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_districts_of_Manila" title="Congressional districts of Manila" class="mw-redirect">Congressional districts of Manila</a>.</p> <p><a name="City_seal" id="City_seal"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: City seal">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">City seal</span></h3> <p>The City Seal depicts the words <i>Lungsod ng Maynila</i> and <i>Pilipinas</i>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a> for <i>City of Manila</i> and <i>Philippines</i>, in a circle around a shield. The circle also contains six yellow stars representing the city's six congressional districts. The shield, in the shape of pre-colonial people's shield, depicts the city's nickname <i>Pearl of the Orient</i> on top; a sea lion in the middle, in reference to the city's Spanish influences; and the waves of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasig_River" title="Pasig River">Pasig River</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Bay" title="Manila Bay">Manila Bay</a> in the bottom portion. The colors of the seal mirror that of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Philippines" title="Flag of the Philippines">Flag of the Philippines</a>.</p> <p><a name="Geographical_districts" id="Geographical_districts"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Geographical districts">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Geographical districts</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 262px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ph_map_manila.svg" class="image" title="Map of Manila"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Ph_map_manila.svg/260px-Ph_map_manila.svg.png" class="thumbimage" width="260" border="0" height="305" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ph_map_manila.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> Map of Manila</div> </div> </div> <p>The city is divided into sixteen (16) geographical districts. Only one district was not an original town - Port Area. Eight (8) districts are located north of the Pasig River and eight (8) are in the south. San Andres Bukid was previously part of Santa Ana, while Santa Mesa was once a part of Sampaloc. These districts should not be confused with the six <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative_districts_of_Manila" title="Legislative districts of Manila">congressional districts</a> of Manila.</p> <table id="sortable_table_id_0" class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Geographical district <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#" class="sortheader" onclick="ts_resortTable(this);return false;"><span class="sortarrow"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/skins/common/images/sort_none.gif" alt="↓" /></span></a></th> <th><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barangay" title="Barangay">Barangays</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#" class="sortheader" onclick="ts_resortTable(this);return false;"><span class="sortarrow"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/skins/common/images/sort_none.gif" alt="↓" /></span></a></th> <th>Population<br />(2007 census) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#" class="sortheader" onclick="ts_resortTable(this);return false;"><span class="sortarrow"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/skins/common/images/sort_none.gif" alt="↓" /></span></a></th> <th>Area<br />(<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">has</a>.) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#" class="sortheader" onclick="ts_resortTable(this);return false;"><span class="sortarrow"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/skins/common/images/sort_none.gif" alt="↓" /></span></a></th> <th>Pop. density<br />(per km²) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#" class="sortheader" onclick="ts_resortTable(this);return false;"><span class="sortarrow"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/skins/common/images/sort_none.gif" alt="↓" /></span></a></th> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binondo,_Manila" title="Binondo, Manila">Binondo</a></td> <td align="right">10</td> <td align="right">12,100</td> <td align="right">66.11</td> <td align="right">18,304.1</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermita,_Manila" title="Ermita, Manila">Ermita</a></td> <td align="right">13</td> <td align="right">6,205</td> <td align="right">158.91</td> <td align="right">3,904.8</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros" class="mw-redirect">Intramuros</a></td> <td align="right">5</td> <td align="right">5,015</td> <td align="right">67.26</td> <td align="right">7,455.7</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malate,_Manila" title="Malate, Manila">Malate</a></td> <td align="right">57</td> <td align="right">78,132</td> <td align="right">259.58</td> <td align="right">30,099.8</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paco,_Manila" title="Paco, Manila">Paco</a></td> <td align="right">43</td> <td align="right">69,300</td> <td align="right">278.69</td> <td align="right">24,866.7</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandacan,_Manila" title="Pandacan, Manila">Pandacan</a></td> <td align="right">38</td> <td align="right">76,134</td> <td align="right">166.00</td> <td align="right">45,862.9</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Area,_Manila" title="Port Area, Manila" class="mw-redirect">Port Area</a></td> <td align="right">5</td> <td align="right">48,684</td> <td align="right">315.28</td> <td align="right">15,441.4</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quiapo,_Manila" title="Quiapo, Manila">Quiapo</a></td> <td align="right">16</td> <td align="right">23,138</td> <td align="right">84.69</td> <td align="right">27,322.0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampaloc,_Manila" title="Sampaloc, Manila">Sampaloc</a></td> <td align="right">192</td> <td align="right">255,613</td> <td align="right">513.71</td> <td align="right">49,758.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Andres_Bukid,_Manila" title="San Andres Bukid, Manila" class="mw-redirect">San Andres</a></td> <td align="right">65</td> <td align="right">116,585</td> <td align="right">168.02</td> <td align="right">69,386.2</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Miguel,_Manila" title="San Miguel, Manila">San Miguel</a></td> <td align="right">12</td> <td align="right">16,115</td> <td align="right">91.37</td> <td align="right">17,636.9</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Nicolas,_Manila" title="San Nicolas, Manila">San Nicolas</a></td> <td align="right">15</td> <td align="right">43,225</td> <td align="right">163.85</td> <td align="right">26,380.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sta._Ana,_Manila" title="Sta. Ana, Manila" class="mw-redirect">Santa Ana</a></td> <td align="right">34</td> <td align="right">62,184</td> <td align="right">169.42</td> <td align="right">36,703.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Manila" title="Santa Cruz, Manila">Santa Cruz</a></td> <td align="right">82</td> <td align="right">118,779</td> <td align="right">309.01</td> <td align="right">38,438.1</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Mesa,_Manila" title="Santa Mesa, Manila">Santa Mesa</a></td> <td align="right">51</td> <td align="right">98,901</td> <td align="right">261.01</td> <td align="right">37,892.2</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tondo,_Manila" title="Tondo, Manila">Tondo</a></td> <td align="right">259</td> <td align="right">630,604</td> <td align="right">865.13</td> <td align="right">72,891.6</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>All of these districts, with the exception of Port Area, have their own churches, and several of these districts have achieved recognition in their own right. Intramuros being the old and original enclave of Manila is a historical site. The district of Binondo is the city's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinatown" title="Chinatown">Chinatown</a>. Tondo is the densest in terms of population, the largest in land area and also with the highest poverty level. The districts of Ermita and Malate are well-known and popular with tourists, having many bars, restaurants, five-star hotels, and shopping malls while the districts of San Miguel and Pandacan hosts the official residence of the President of the country, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1an_Palace" title="Malacañan Palace" class="mw-redirect">Malacañan Palace</a>.</p> <p><a name="National_government_offices" id="National_government_offices"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: National government offices">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">National government offices</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 202px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Manilagovt.jpg" class="image" title="The former Agriculture and Finance Buildings and the Agrifina Circle in Rizal Park. The buildings date to the American colonial period."><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/de/Manilagovt.jpg/200px-Manilagovt.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="200" border="0" height="132" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Manilagovt.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> The former Agriculture and Finance Buildings and the Agrifina Circle in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizal_Park" title="Rizal Park">Rizal Park</a>. The buildings date to the American colonial period.</div> </div> </div> <p>The City of Manila is the capital of the Philippines and is also the seat of political power in the country. During the early years of the American colonial government, they envisioned a well designed city outside the walls of Intramuros. In nearby "Bagumbayan" or what is now Rizal Park, was chosen to become the center of government and a design commission was given to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Burnham" title="Daniel Burnham">Daniel Burnham</a> to create a master plan for the city patterned after <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_D.C." title="Washington D.C." class="mw-redirect">Washington D.C.</a> The plan was abandoned and construction was halted due to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources since February 2008" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</span></sup></p> <p>Eventually, under the Commonwealth Government of Manuel L. Quezon, a new government center was to be built on the hills northeast of Manila, or what is now <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>. Several government agencies have set-up base in Quezon City but several key government offices are in Manila such as, the Office of the President, the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeals, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangko_Sentral_ng_Pilipinas" title="Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas">Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas</a>, the Departments of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Budget_%28Philippines%29" title="Department of Budget (Philippines)" class="mw-redirect">Budget</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Finance_%28Philippines%29" title="Department of Finance (Philippines)">Finance</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Health_%28Philippines%29" title="Department of Health (Philippines)">Health</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Justice_%28Philippines%29" title="Department of Justice (Philippines)">Justice</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Labor_and_Employment_%28Philippines%29" title="Department of Labor and Employment (Philippines)">Labor & Employment</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Tourism_%28Philippines%29" title="Department of Tourism (Philippines)">Tourism</a>.</p> <p><a name="Parks_and_open_areas" id="Parks_and_open_areas"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Parks and open areas">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Parks and open areas</span></h3> <div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rizal_Monument.jpg" class="image" title="The Rizal Monument at Rizal Park"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bb/Rizal_Monument.jpg/180px-Rizal_Monument.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="180" border="0" height="274" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rizal_Monument.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> The Rizal Monument at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizal_Park" title="Rizal Park">Rizal Park</a></div> </div> </div> <p>Directly south of Intramuros lies <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luneta_Park" title="Luneta Park" class="mw-redirect">Rizal Park</a>, the country's most significant park. Also known as <i>Luneta</i> (Spanish term for "crescent-shaped") and previously as <i>Bagumbayan</i> ("New Town"), the 60 hectare Rizal Park sits on the site where <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rizal" title="José Rizal">José Rizal</a>, the country's national hero, was executed by the Spaniards on charges of subversion. A monument stands in his honor. The big flagpole west of the Rizal Monument is the Kilometer Zero for road distances on the island of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a> and the rest of the country.</p> <p>Other attractions in Rizal Park include the Chinese and Japanese Gardens, the Department of Tourism building, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_Philippines" title="National Museum of the Philippines" class="mw-redirect">National Museum of the Philippines</a>, The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Philippines" title="National Library of the Philippines">National Library of the Philippines</a>, the Planetarium, the Orchidarium and Butterfly Pavilion, an open-air auditorium for cultural performances, a relief map of the Philippines, a fountain area, a children's lagoon, a chess plaza, a light and sound presentation, and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quirino_Grandstand" title="Quirino Grandstand" class="mw-redirect">Quirino Grandstand</a>.</p> <p>Another famous open space in Manila is the <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baywalk" title="Baywalk">Baywalk</a></i>. This promenade lies in front of the Manila Bay where one can experience one of the most breathtaking sunsets of the world. Coconut trees, giant kaleidoscopic lamp posts and other scenery dot this two-kilometer stretch of ample space beside <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roxas_Boulevard" title="Roxas Boulevard">Roxas Boulevard</a>. The Baywalk used to include <i>al fresco</i> cafés and restaurants, and stages with live musical acts but these were removed in late 2007 by Mayor <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfredo_Lim" title="Alfredo Lim">Alfredo Lim</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-18" title=""><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Aside from Rizal Park, Manila has very few other open public spaces. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajah_Sulayman" title="Rajah Sulayman" class="mw-redirect">Rajah Sulayman</a> Park, Manila Boardwalk, Liwasang <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andres_Bonifacio" title="Andres Bonifacio" class="mw-redirect">Bonifacio</a>, Plaza Miranda, Mehan Garden, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paco_Park" title="Paco Park">Paco Park</a>, Remedios Circle, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Zoological_and_Botanical_Garden" title="Manila Zoological and Botanical Garden">Manila Zoological and Botanical Garden</a>, Plaza Balagtas and the Malacañang Garden are some of the other parks in the city. In 2005, Mayor <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lito_Atienza" title="Lito Atienza">Lito Atienza</a> opened the Pandacan Linear Park, a strip of land that served as a buffer zone between the oil depot and the residential-commercial properties in Pandacan and could be found along the banks of the Pasig River. In the northern most part of the city lies the three cemeteries of Loyola, Chinese, and Manila North Green Park, the largest public cemetery in Metropolitan Manila. A newly opened and functioned <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Ocean_Park" title="Manila Ocean Park">Manila Ocean Park</a> features a wide variety of marine animals.</p> <p><a name="Economy" id="Economy"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Economy</span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 177px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Banco_Monte_de_Piedad.jpg" class="image" title="The Banco Monte de Piedad building in Santa Cruz district"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6b/Banco_Monte_de_Piedad.jpg/175px-Banco_Monte_de_Piedad.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="175" border="0" height="140" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Banco_Monte_de_Piedad.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> The Banco Monte de Piedad building in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Manila" title="Santa Cruz, Manila">Santa Cruz</a> district</div> </div> </div> <p>Manila's economy is diverse and multifaceted. With its excellent protected harbor, Manila serves as the nation's chief seaport. In addition, it is the financial and publishing center for the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-encarta_17-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-encarta-17" title=""><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Diverse manufactures include chemicals, textiles, clothing, and electronic goods. Watches, iron and steel, leather goods, and shoes are also manufactured within the city. Food and beverages and tobacco products also employ many residents. Additionally, local entrepreneurs continue to process primary commodities for export, including rope, plywood, refined sugar, copra, and coconut oil.<sup id="cite_ref-encarta_17-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-encarta-17" title=""><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Tourism is also a thriving industry. Being one of the major tourist destinations in the country, the city attracts over 1 million visitors<sup id="cite_ref-encarta_17-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-encarta-17" title=""><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> from all over the world annually. Many of Manila's tourist sites are found in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binondo" title="Binondo" class="mw-redirect">Binondo</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros" class="mw-redirect">Intramuros</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malate" title="Malate" class="mw-redirect">Malate</a>.</p> <p>Every district in the city with the exception of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Area,_Manila" title="Port Area, Manila" class="mw-redirect">Port Area</a> has its own public market, locally called the <i>pamilihang bayan</i> or <i>palengke</i>. Public markets are often divided into two, the dry goods section and the wet goods section.<sup id="cite_ref-manila_19-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-manila-19" title=""><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> Commerce in these public markets is lively, especially in the early morning. Under the urban renewal program of the incumbent administration, some of the public markets had been refurbished and given a fresher look, like the Santa Ana Public Market and the Pritil Public Market. Cheap buys or goods being sold at rock-bottom prices are available in the flea markets of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divisoria" title="Divisoria" class="mw-redirect">Divisoria</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quiapo" title="Quiapo">Quiapo</a>, where bargaining is a major shopping experience.</p> <p>Modern shopping malls dot the city especially in the areas of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malate" title="Malate" class="mw-redirect">Malate</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermita" title="Ermita">Ermita</a>. SM City Manila, part of the country's largest chain of malls, stands behind the Manila City Hall, while the original SM Department store still operates in Carriedo in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Manila" title="Santa Cruz, Manila">Santa Cruz</a>. One of the popular malls that lies at the heart of Manila is Robinson's Place Ermita. In the southern part of the city in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malate" title="Malate" class="mw-redirect">Malate</a> district is Harrison Plaza, one of the city's oldest shopping malls.</p> <p><a name="Demographics" id="Demographics"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Demographics</span></h2> <p><a name="Population_density" id="Population_density"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Population density">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Population density</span></h3> <p>With a population of 1,660,714 and a land area of 38.55 km², Manila has the highest population density of any major city in the world with 43,079 people/km² (with district 6 being the most dense with 68,266, followed by the first two districts (Tondo) with 64,936 and 64,710, respectively, and district 5 being the least dense with 19,235).<sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources since March 2008" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</span></sup></p> <p>Manila's population density dwarfs that of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (20,164 inhabitants per km²), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> (16,364 people/km², with its most dense district of Nanshi's 56,785 density), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> (2,179 people/km², with its most dense inner suburb Lanus' 10,444 density), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> (10,087 people/km²), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a> (11,700 people/km²), and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> (1,878 people/km², with its most dense district Fatih's 48,173 density).</p> <p>But when accounting for the entire urban area, Metro Manila drops to 85th place with 12,550 people/km² in a land area of 1,334km², behind even <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebu_City" title="Cebu City">Cebu City</a>, which ranks 80th.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-20" title=""><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Languages" id="Languages"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Languages">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Languages</span></h3> <p>The vernacular language is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a> in the form of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a>, while <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_English" title="Philippine English">English</a> is the language most widely used in education and business throughout the Metro Manila region. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkien_language" title="Hokkien language" class="mw-redirect">Hokkien Chinese</a> is spoken by the city's large Chinese-Filipino community.<sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources since July 2008" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</span></sup> A number of older residents can still speak basic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, which was a mandatory subject in the curriculum of Philippine universities and colleges until 1987, and many children of European, Arab, Indian, Latin American or other migrants or expatriates also speak their parents' languages at home, aside from English or Filipino for everyday use.</p> <p><a name="Religion" id="Religion"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Religion</span></h2> <p>The cosmopolitan atmosphere and cultural diversity of Manila is reflected in the number of places of worship scattered around the city. The freedom of worship in the Philippines, which has existed since the creation of the republic, allowed the diverse population to build their sacred sites without the fear of persecution. People of different denominations are represented here with the presence of Christian churches, Buddhist temples, Jewish synagogues, and Islamic mosques.</p> <p><a name="Roman_Catholicism" id="Roman_Catholicism"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Roman Catholicism">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Roman Catholicism</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 177px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ManilaCathedral.jpg" class="image" title="The Manila Cathedral in Intramuros."><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/36/ManilaCathedral.jpg/175px-ManilaCathedral.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="175" border="0" height="135" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ManilaCathedral.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Cathedral" title="Manila Cathedral">Manila Cathedral</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros" class="mw-redirect">Intramuros</a>.</div> </div> </div> <p>Manila is the seat of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Manila" title="Archdiocese of Manila" class="mw-redirect">Archdiocese of Manila</a>, the oldest archdiocese in the country, and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primate_%28religion%29" title="Primate (religion)">Primate</a> of the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-wow_1-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-wow-1" title=""><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> The archdiocese's offices is located in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Cathedral" title="Manila Cathedral">Manila Cathedral</a> (Basilica Minore de la Nuestra Señora de la Immaculada Concepcion) inside the Intramuros. The city is under the Patronage of San Andres (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Andrew" title="St. Andrew" class="mw-redirect">St. Andrew</a>).</p> <p>Being the seat of the Spanish colonial government in past centuries, it has been used as the base of numerous Roman Catholic missions to the Philippines. Among the religious orders that have gone to the Philippines include the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominicans</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuit" title="Jesuit" class="mw-redirect">Jesuits</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscan" title="Franciscan">Franciscans</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustinian_Order" title="Augustinian Order" class="mw-redirect">Augustinians</a> (which includes the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustinian_Recollects" title="Augustinian Recollects" class="mw-redirect">Augustinian Recollects</a>), the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedictine" title="Benedictine">Benedictines</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulists#Female_congregations.23Sisters_of_St._Paul_of_Chartres" title="Paulists">Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincentian" title="Vincentian">Vincentian</a> Fathers, the Congregatio of the Immaculati Cordis Mariae, and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_La_Salle_Christian_Brother" title="De La Salle Christian Brother" class="mw-redirect">De La Salle Christian Brothers</a>.</p> <div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 177px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Binondo_church.jpg" class="image" title="Basilica Minore de San Lorenzo Ruiz (Binondo Church)"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ad/Binondo_church.jpg/175px-Binondo_church.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="175" border="0" height="140" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Binondo_church.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> Basilica Minore de <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Lorenzo_Ruiz" title="San Lorenzo Ruiz" class="mw-redirect">San Lorenzo Ruiz</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binondo" title="Binondo" class="mw-redirect">Binondo</a> Church)</div> </div> </div> <p>Other notable churches and cathedrals in the city include <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Agustin_Church,_Manila" title="San Agustin Church, Manila">San Agustin Church</a> in Intramuros, the shrine of the canonically crowned image of Nuestra Señora de Consolación y Correa, a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a><sup id="cite_ref-wow_1-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-wow-1" title=""><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup>, and a favorite wedding place of notable people and one of two fully air-conditioned churches in the city; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quiapo_Church" title="Quiapo Church">Quiapo Church</a>, also known as the Basilica Minore del <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Nazarene" title="Black Nazarene">Nuestro Padre Jesus Nazareno</a>, site of the annual January Black Nazarene procession; Binondo Church, also known as Basilica Minore de <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Lorenzo_Ruiz" title="San Lorenzo Ruiz" class="mw-redirect">San Lorenzo Ruiz</a>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malate_Church" title="Malate Church">Malate Church</a>, the shrine of Nuestra Señora de Remedios; Ermita Church, home of the oldest Marian Image in the Philippines, Nuestra Señora de Guia; Tondo Church, home of the century-old ivory image of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sto._Ni%C3%B1o" title="Sto. Niño" class="mw-redirect">Sto. Niño</a> (Child Jesus); Sta. Ana Church, shrine of the canonically crowned image of Nuestra Senora de los Desamparados; and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Sebastian_Church" title="San Sebastian Church" class="mw-redirect">San Sebastian Church</a> or the Basilica Minore de San Sebastian, the only all-steel church in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic</a> style in Asia.</p> <p><a name="Protestant_churches" id="Protestant_churches"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Protestant churches">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Protestant churches</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 152px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sschurch1.jpg" class="image" title="Basilica Minore de San Sebastian"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Sschurch1.jpg/150px-Sschurch1.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="150" border="0" height="247" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sschurch1.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> Basilica Minore de <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Sebastian" title="San Sebastian">San Sebastian</a></div> </div> </div> <p>Manila is home to some of the older and larger Protestant churches in the Philippines. While most of the older churches established by American missionaries are located within the Manila city limits, a greater number of the larger churches are in the suburbs and satellite cities.</p> <p>After the Second World War, a great influx of foreign Protestant missionaries came to the islands among which are the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists" class="mw-redirect">Baptists</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazarenes" title="Nazarenes" class="mw-redirect">Nazarenes</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentecostals" title="Pentecostals" class="mw-redirect">Pentecostals</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_and_Missionary_Alliance" title="Christian and Missionary Alliance">Christian and Missionary Alliance</a> established churches and schools throughout the islands making Manila their headquarters of operations. The Baptist Bible Church in Santa Mesa, Manila is the first church founded under the auspices of the Baptist Bible Fellowship in 1947.<sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources since September 2008" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</span></sup> Since its founding, the Springfield, Missouri-based Baptist Bible Missions have established 2000 churches in the Philippines.</p> <p><a name="Islam.2C_Buddhism_and_other_faiths" id="Islam.2C_Buddhism_and_other_faiths"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Islam, Buddhism and other faiths">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Islam, Buddhism and other faiths</span></h3> <p>There are many <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Philippines" title="Buddhism in the Philippines">Buddhist</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoist" title="Taoist" class="mw-redirect">Taoist</a> temples built by the Chinese community in Manila. The Quiapo district is home to a sizable <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_the_Philippines" title="Islam in the Philippines">Muslim</a> population in Manila, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masjid_Al-Dahab_%28The_Golden_Mosque%29" title="Masjid Al-Dahab (The Golden Mosque)" class="mw-redirect">The Golden Mosque</a> is located there. In Ermita, there is a large <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism_in_the_Philippines" title="Hinduism in the Philippines">Hindu</a> temple for the Indian population, while on U.N. Avenue, there is a Sikh Temple. There is also a temple of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>. In Malate, along Quirino Avenue, there once was a synagogue for the small <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Philippines" title="History of the Jews in the Philippines">Jewish</a> community in the Philippines; a new synagogue has since been erected in neighboring <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makati_City" title="Makati City">Makati</a>, along Tordesillas Street. The Philippine-based <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Independent_Church" title="Philippine Independent Church">Philippine Independent Church</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aglipayan" title="Aglipayan" class="mw-redirect">Aglipayan</a>) also has numerous chapels and churches spread throughout the city.</p> <p><a name="Education" id="Education"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Education</span></h2> <dl><dd> <div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Main articles: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_the_Philippines" title="Education in the Philippines">Education in the Philippines</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_the_Philippines" title="List of colleges and universities in the Philippines">List of colleges and universities in the Philippines</a></i></div> </dd></dl> <p>Manila is home to majority of the colleges and universities in Metro Manila. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_Belt" title="University Belt">University Belt</a> or <i>U-Belt</i>, informally located in the districts of Malate, Ermita, Intramuros, San Miquel, Quiapo, and Sampaloc is the colloquial term for the high concentration of institutions of higher education that are located in these districts. Among them are the state university <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines,_Manila" title="University of the Philippines, Manila">University of the Philippines, Manila</a>, which houses the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_General_Hospital" title="Philippine General Hospital">Philippine General Hospital</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_the_Philippines,_Manila" title="Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Manila">Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Manila</a> located in Sta. Mesa, private school <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adamson_University" title="Adamson University">Adamson University</a> in Ermita, private school <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Women%27s_University" title="Philippine Women's University">Philippine Women's University</a>, Taft Ave., private school <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_La_Salle_University-Manila" title="De La Salle University-Manila" class="mw-redirect">De La Salle University-Manila</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_La_Salle-College_of_Saint_Benilde" title="De La Salle-College of Saint Benilde">De La Salle-College of Saint Benilde</a>, private schools <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Beda_College" title="San Beda College">San Beda College</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Santo_Tomas" title="University of Santo Tomas">University of Santo Tomas</a> in Sampaloc, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Christian_University" title="Philippine Christian University">Philippine Christian University</a> on Taft Ave., <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Paul_University" title="St. Paul University" class="mw-redirect">St. Paul University</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Central_University" title="Manila Central University">Manila Central University</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_the_East" title="University of the East">University of the East</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far_Eastern_University" title="Far Eastern University">Far Eastern University</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro_Escolar_University" title="Centro Escolar University">Centro Escolar University</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Normal_University" title="Philippine Normal University">Philippine Normal University</a> and the city-owned <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamantasan_ng_Lungsod_ng_Maynila" title="Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila">Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila</a> at Intramuros.</p> <p>The city also plays host to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Science_High_School" title="Manila Science High School">Manila Science High School</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_Philippines" title="National Museum of the Philippines" class="mw-redirect">National Museum of the Philippines</a>, where the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoliarium" title="Spoliarium">Spoliarium</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Luna" title="Juan Luna">Juan Luna</a> is housed, the Metropolitan Museum, the Museong Pambata (Children's Museum), as well as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Philippines" title="National Library of the Philippines">National Library</a>, located within Rizal Park.</p> <p><a name="Transportation" id="Transportation"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Transportation</span></h2> <p><a name="Air" id="Air"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Air">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Air</span></h3> <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninoy_Aquino_International_Airport" title="Ninoy Aquino International Airport">Ninoy Aquino International Airport</a> (NAIA), eight kilometers south of the city center, serves Manila, Metro Manila and nearby provinces. A second terminal, Terminal 2 (or the Centennial Terminal) opened in October 1999. The International flag-carrier <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Airlines" title="Philippine Airlines">Philippine Airlines</a> uses this terminal exclusively for both its domestic and international service while all other international flights use the original NAIA terminal. The construction of a third terminal <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninoy_Aquino_International_Airport#Terminal_3" title="Ninoy Aquino International Airport">(NAIA-3)</a> opened in August 2008. It currently houses the domestic flights of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebu_Pacific" title="Cebu Pacific">Cebu Pacific</a>, Air Asia and PAL Express and is set to operate international flights within the year. The main carrier serving NAIA is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Airlines" title="Philippine Airlines">Philippine Airlines</a>.</p> <p><a name="Roads" id="Roads"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Roads">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Roads</span></h3> <dl><dd> <div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_roads_in_Metro_Manila" title="Major roads in Metro Manila">Major roads in Metro Manila</a></i></div> </dd></dl> <p>The main roads of Metro Manila are organized around a set of radial and circumferential roads that radiate and circle in and around Manila proper. Roxas Boulevard, easily the most well-known of Manila's streets, line the southern shores of Manila with Manila Bay. The boulevard is part of the <i>Radial Road 1</i> that leads south to the province of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavite" title="Cavite">Cavite</a>. Another well-known radial road is España Boulevard (part of <i>Radial Road 7</i>) that starts in Quiapo and ends at the Welcome Rotunda along the border with Quezon City. Pres. Sergio Osmeña Sr. Highway, part of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Luzon_Expressway" title="South Luzon Expressway">South Luzon Expressway</a> or <i>Radial Road 3</i> is the most important highway linking Manila with the provinces of southern Luzon.</p> <p>The most common types of public transportation are buses and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeepney" title="Jeepney">jeepney</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricycles" title="Tricycles" class="mw-redirect">Tricycles</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedicabs" title="Pedicabs" class="mw-redirect">Pedicabs</a> are used for short distances. In some areas, especially in Divisoria, two stroke motors are fitted in the pedicabs and are used for goods transport.</p> <p><a name="Bridges" id="Bridges"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Bridges">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Bridges</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 177px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Quezon_Bridge.jpg" class="image" title="Quezon Bridge, designed by Gustav Eiffel"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0d/Quezon_Bridge.jpg/175px-Quezon_Bridge.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="175" border="0" height="99" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Quezon_Bridge.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> Quezon Bridge, designed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Eiffel" title="Gustav Eiffel" class="mw-redirect">Gustav Eiffel</a></div> </div> </div> <p>There are eight major bridge spans in Manila, more than half of the number of bridges that connects the north and south banks of the Pasig River in Metro Manila. There are two rail bridges that crosses the river, the Light Rail Transit 1 and the Philippine National Railways track. The bridges listed below are in a west to east order, with the first bridge Del Pan, nearest to the mouth of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasig_River" title="Pasig River">Pasig River</a> into <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Bay" title="Manila Bay">Manila Bay</a>.</p> <ul><li>Roxas bridge - <i>formerly called Del Pan</i> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Nicolas,_Manila" title="San Nicolas, Manila">San Nicolas</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Area,_Manila" title="Port Area, Manila" class="mw-redirect">Port Area</a>)</li><li>Jones bridge (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binondo,_Manila" title="Binondo, Manila">Binondo</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermita,_Manila" title="Ermita, Manila">Ermita</a>)</li><li>McArthur bridge (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Manila" title="Santa Cruz, Manila">Sta. Cruz</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermita,_Manila" title="Ermita, Manila">Ermita</a>)</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_LRT_Yellow_Line" title="Manila LRT Yellow Line">LRT 1</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carriedo_LRT_Station" title="Carriedo LRT Station">Carriedo Station</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Terminal_LRT_Station" title="Central Terminal LRT Station">Central Station</a>)</li><li>Quezon bridge (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quiapo,_Manila" title="Quiapo, Manila">Quiapo</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermita,_Manila" title="Ermita, Manila">Ermita</a>)</li><li>Ayala bridge (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Miguel,_Manila" title="San Miguel, Manila">San Miguel</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermita,_Manila" title="Ermita, Manila">Ermita</a>)</li><li>Mabini bridge - <i>formerly called Nagtahan bridge</i> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Mesa,_Manila" title="Santa Mesa, Manila">Sta. Mesa</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandacan,_Manila" title="Pandacan, Manila">Pandacan</a>)</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_National_Railways" title="Philippine National Railways">Philippine National Railways</a> (Santa Mesa station to Pandacan station)</li><li>Padre Zamora bridge <i>formerly called Pandacan brige</i>(<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Mesa,_Manila" title="Santa Mesa, Manila">Sta.Mesa</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandacan,_Manila" title="Pandacan, Manila">Pandacan</a>)</li><li>Lambingan bridge (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Ana,_Manila" title="Santa Ana, Manila">Sta. Ana</a>)</li></ul> <p><a name="Rail_transport" id="Rail_transport"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Rail transport">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Rail transport</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 152px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LRT_Recto_Station.jpg" class="image" title="Recto Station of the Manila LRT Purple Line"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2f/LRT_Recto_Station.jpg/150px-LRT_Recto_Station.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="150" border="0" height="113" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LRT_Recto_Station.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recto_LRT_Station" title="Recto LRT Station">Recto Station</a> of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_LRT_Purple_Line" title="Manila LRT Purple Line">Manila LRT Purple Line</a></div> </div> </div> <p>Manila is the hub of a railway system on Luzon. The main terminal of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_National_Railways" title="Philippine National Railways">Philippine National Railways</a> is in the Tondo district. Railways extend from this terminal north to the city of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Fernando_City,_Pampanga" title="San Fernando City, Pampanga" class="mw-redirect">San Fernando</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampanga" title="Pampanga">Pampanga</a> and south to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legazpi_City" title="Legazpi City">Legazpi City</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albay" title="Albay">Albay</a>, though only the southern railway is currently in operation.</p> <p><a name="Public_transport" id="Public_transport"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Public transport">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Public transport</span></h3> <dl><dd> <div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transport_in_Manila" title="Public transport in Manila">Public transport in Manila</a></i></div> </dd></dl> <p>Manila is serviced by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Light_Rail_Transit_System" title="Manila Light Rail Transit System">Manila Light Rail Transit System</a> (separate from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Metro_Rail_Transit_System" title="Manila Metro Rail Transit System">Manila Metro Rail Transit System</a>), a national priority project designed to address the overwhelming traffic that congests the national capital. Development of the system began with its inception in the 1970s under the Marcos administration, making it the first light rail transport in Southeast Asia. Recently, the system saw a massive multi-billion dollar expansion in correlation with the rising population of the city; its purpose: to create an alternative form of transportation to solve the demand of an increasingly mobile workforce. Two lines service the city residents, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_LRT_Yellow_Line" title="Manila LRT Yellow Line">Yellow Line</a> that runs along the length of Taft Avenue (R-2) and Rizal Avenue (R-9), and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_LRT_Purple_Line" title="Manila LRT Purple Line">Purple Line</a> that runs along Ramon Magsaysay Blvd (R-6) from Santa Cruz, through <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>, up to Santolan in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasig_City" title="Pasig City">Pasig City</a>.</p> <p>These are the major rail systems, with their stations within Manila:</p> <ul><li><i>Yellow Line (LRT 1)</i>: R. Papa, J. Abad Santos, Blumentritt, Tayuman, Bambang, D. Jose, Carriedo, Central Station, UN Ave., Pedro Gil, Quirino, and Vito Cruz</li><li><i>Purple Line (LRT-2 or MRT-2)</i>: Recto, Legarda, Pureza, and V. Mapa</li><li><i>PNR</i>: Vito Cruz, Herran (Pedro Gil), Pandacan, Sta. Mesa, España, Laong Laan, Blumentritt and Tutuban.</li></ul> <p><a name="Seaports_and_Piers" id="Seaports_and_Piers"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Seaports and Piers">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Seaports and Piers</span></h3> <p>The Port of Manila is the chief seaport of the Philippines. North Harbor and South Harbor experience busy periods during long holidays such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Saints_Day" title="All Saints Day" class="mw-redirect">All Saints Day</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a> holidays. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Manila" title="Port of Manila">Port of Manila</a> serves the city's commercial needs and it is also one of Southeast Asia's major ports.</p> <p><a name="Communication" id="Communication"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Communication">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Communication</span></h2> <p><a name="Postal_service" id="Postal_service"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Postal service">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Postal service</span></h3> <p>The Philippine <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postal_service" title="Postal service">postal service</a> agency, now known as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Postal_Corporation" title="Philippine Postal Corporation">Philippine Postal Corporation</a>, is housed in the art-deco Post Office Building located at the foot of the Jones Bridge. The building houses the Philippine Postal Bank and the main mail sorting-distribution operations of the country.</p> <p><a name="Print_and_publication" id="Print_and_publication"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Print and publication">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Print and publication</span></h3> <p>Manila is home to major Philippine newspaper publishers with a number of offices and printing presses located at the Port Area. The news industry is one of the legacies of the American colonization of the Philippines, as they paved the way for the freedom of the press. Some of the major publications based in Manila include the country's oldest newspapers, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Times" title="Manila Times" class="mw-redirect">Manila Times</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Bulletin" title="Manila Bulletin">Manila Bulletin</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Star" title="Philippine Star" class="mw-redirect">Philippine Star</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Standard_Today" title="Manila Standard Today">Manila Standard Today</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Tribune_%28Philippines%29" title="The Daily Tribune (Philippines)" class="mw-redirect">The Daily Tribune</a> and others.</p> <p><a name="News_agencies" id="News_agencies"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: News agencies">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">News agencies</span></h3> <p>Manila serves as host to a number of news and information offices, agencies or services that includes the Office of the Press Secretary and Radio-TV Malacañang or RTVM (the close-in news team of Philippine Presidents) located at the Malacañang Palace grounds.</p> <p>The city is also home to the prestigious and exclusive organization of journalists called, "<i>Samahang Plaridel</i>," whose members include some of the prominent publishers, editors, reporters of the country.</p> <p><a name="Medical_facilities" id="Medical_facilities"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Medical facilities">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Medical facilities</span></h2> <p>Manila is home to the office of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> in the Philippines, main office of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Health_%28Philippines%29" title="Department of Health (Philippines)">Department of Health</a>, and several hospitals and medical centers. The Manila Health Department, which responsible for the planning and implementation of the health programs of the city government, is operating the 44 health centers and lying-in facilities<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-21" title=""><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup> scattered throughout the city. Some of the notable hospitals in the city are the Manila Doctors' Hospital and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_General_Hospital" title="Philippine General Hospital">Philippine General Hospital</a> in Taft Avenue; Chinese General Hospital and Medical Center, Dr. Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center, and San Lazaro Hospital in Santa Cruz, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Santo_Tomas_Hospital" title="University of Santo Tomas Hospital">University of Santo Tomas Hospital</a> in Sampaloc; and the city-owned <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ospital_ng_Maynila_Medical_Center" title="Ospital ng Maynila Medical Center">Ospital ng Maynila Medical Center</a> in Malate.<sup id="cite_ref-wow_1-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-wow-1" title=""><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Places_of_interest" id="Places_of_interest"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Places of interest">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Places of interest</span></h2> <p>The popular districts of Malate and Ermita showcase a wide variety of hotels, restaurants, clubs, bars, cafes, art and antique shops. The nightlife offers everything from cultural shows to discotheques, casinos, entertainment lounges, and fashionable cafes. Right at the heart of the city lies the Intramuros, and it is the site of forts and dungeons, old churches, colonial houses, and horse-drawn carriages. other historical buildings and landmarks, parks and open spaces, museums, shopping centers, and sports facililities can be found all over the city.</p> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 177px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ManilaCityHall1.jpg" class="image" title="The Manila City Hall"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/97/ManilaCityHall1.jpg/175px-ManilaCityHall1.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="175" border="0" height="131" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ManilaCityHall1.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> The Manila City Hall</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 177px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USManilaChancery.jpg" class="image" title="Chancery of the American Embassy in Manila"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/35/USManilaChancery.jpg/175px-USManilaChancery.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="175" border="0" height="117" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USManilaChancery.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> Chancery of the American Embassy in Manila</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 177px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:253.jpg" class="image" title="Intramuros"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d8/253.jpg/175px-253.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="175" border="0" height="131" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:253.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros" class="mw-redirect">Intramuros</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 177px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:001-manilahotel.jpg" class="image" title="The historic lobby of the Manila Hotel, one of the first of its kind in Southeast Asia built in 1901."><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/001-manilahotel.jpg/175px-001-manilahotel.jpg" class="thumbimage" width="175" border="0" height="127" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:001-manilahotel.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div> The historic lobby of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Hotel" title="Manila Hotel">Manila Hotel</a>, one of the first of its kind in Southeast Asia built in 1901.</div> </div> </div> <p><a name="General_landmarks" id="General_landmarks"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: General landmarks">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">General landmarks</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolinario_Mabini" title="Apolinario Mabini">Apolinario Mabini</a> Shrine</li><li>Chinatown (Binondo district)</li><li>Embassy of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_of_America" title="United States of America" class="mw-redirect">United States of America</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermita" title="Ermita">Ermita</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malate,_Manila" title="Malate, Manila">Malate</a> Districts, a place for Bohemian night life</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Santiago" title="Fort Santiago">Fort Santiago</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros" class="mw-redirect">Intramuros</a>, the walled city built by the Spaniards, originally considered to be the City of Manila</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace" title="Malacañang Palace">Malacañang Palace</a>, the official residence of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President of the Philippines</a></li><li>Manila <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baywalk" title="Baywalk">Baywalk</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malate_Church" title="Malate Church">Malate Church</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila_Boardwalk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manila Boardwalk (page does not exist)">Manila Boardwalk</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Cathedral" title="Manila Cathedral">Manila Cathedral</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila_City_Hall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manila City Hall (page does not exist)">Manila City Hall</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Ocean_Park" title="Manila Ocean Park">Manila Ocean Park</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Yacht_Club" title="Manila Yacht Club">Manila Yacht Club</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Zoological_and_Botanical_Garden" title="Manila Zoological and Botanical Garden">Manila Zoological and Botanical Garden</a> (Manila Zoo)</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Theater&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metropolitan Theater (page does not exist)">Metropolitan Theater</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Museo_Pambata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museo Pambata (page does not exist)">Museo Pambata</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Philippines" title="National Library of the Philippines">National Library of the Philippines</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_Philippines" title="National Museum of the Philippines" class="mw-redirect">National Museum of the Philippines</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paco_Park" title="Paco Park">Paco Park</a>, the location of the TV show <i>Paco Park Presents</i></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plaza_Lorenzo_Ruiz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plaza Lorenzo Ruiz (page does not exist)">Plaza Lorenzo Ruiz</a></li><li>Plaza Miranda</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quiapo_Church" title="Quiapo Church">Quiapo Church</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quirino_Grandstand" title="Quirino Grandstand" class="mw-redirect">Quirino Grandstand</a></li><li>Plaza <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajah_Sulayman" title="Rajah Sulayman" class="mw-redirect">Rajah Sulayman</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Remedios_Circle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Remedios Circle (page does not exist)">Remedios Circle</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizal_Park" title="Rizal Park">Rizal Park</a>, also known as <i>Luneta</i></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Agustin_Church" title="San Agustin Church">San Agustin Church</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Sebastian_Church" title="San Sebastian Church" class="mw-redirect">San Sebastian Church</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Hotel" title="Manila Hotel">The Manila Hotel</a></li><li>The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Supreme Court of the Philippines</a></li><li>Victims of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martial_Law" title="Martial Law" class="mw-redirect">Martial Law</a> Memorial Wall - Bonifacio Shrine (near City Hall)</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Santo_Tomas" title="University of Santo Tomas">University of Santo Tomas</a></li></ul> <p><a name="Cemeteries" id="Cemeteries"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Cemeteries">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Cemeteries</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Chinese_Cemetery" title="Manila Chinese Cemetery">Manila Chinese Cemetery</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Loma_Cemetery" title="La Loma Cemetery">La Loma Cemetery</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_North_Cemetery" title="Manila North Cemetery">Manila North Cemetery</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila_South_Cemetery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manila South Cemetery (page does not exist)">Manila South Cemetery</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paco_Park" title="Paco Park">Paco Park</a></li></ul> <p><a name="Hotels" id="Hotels"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Hotels">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Hotels</span></h3> <p>Manila offers a wide range of accommodations ranging from top-rated deluxe hotels to more affordable universal lodges. Most of these accommodations are located within Roxas Boulevard overlooking Manila Bay, or in the districts of Ermita and Malate.</p> <p><a name="Museums" id="Museums"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Museums">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Museums</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahay_Tsinoy" title="Bahay Tsinoy">Bahay Tsinoy</a></li><li>Intramuros Light and Sound Museum</li><li>Main National Museum, Padre Burgos Street</li><li>Museo ng Maynila (Museum of Manila), formerly the Pre-War Army-Navy Club Bldg., Rizal Park</li><li>Museo Pambata (Children's Museum), formerly the Pre-War Elk's Club Bldg., Rizal Park</li><li>National Museum of the Filipino People, Rizal Park</li><li>Parish of the Our Lady of the Abandoned - Sta. Ana (pre-Spanish artifacts)</li><li>Plaza San Luis, Intramuros</li><li>San Agustin Church Museum, Intramuros</li><li>The Museum - De La Salle University-Manila, Taft Avenue, Malate</li><li>UST Museum of Arts and Sciences</li></ul> <p><a name="Sporting_venues" id="Sporting_venues"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Sporting venues">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Sporting venues</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizal_Memorial_Sports_Complex" title="Rizal Memorial Sports Complex">Rizal Memorial Sports Complex</a>, Vito Cruz Street, Malate <ul><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizal_Memorial_Coliseum" title="Rizal Memorial Coliseum">Rizal Memorial Coliseum</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizal_Memorial_Track_and_Football_Stadium" title="Rizal Memorial Track and Football Stadium">Rizal Memorial Track and Football Stadium</a></li><li>Rizal Memorial Baseball Stadium</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninoy_Aquino_Stadium" title="Ninoy Aquino Stadium">Ninoy Aquino Stadium</a></li></ul> </li><li>San Andres Gym (formerly the Mail and More Arena, the home of the defunct <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_Metrostars" title="Manila Metrostars">Manila Metrostars</a></i>)</li></ul> <p><a name="Sister_cities" id="Sister_cities"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Sister cities">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Sister cities</span></h2> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Canada.svg" class="image" title="Flag of Canada"><img alt="Flag of Canada" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" border="0" height="11" /></a></span> <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a></b>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> <sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-22" title=""><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup></li><li><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Canada.svg" class="image" title="Flag of Canada"><img alt="Flag of Canada" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" border="0" height="11" /></a></span> <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnipeg,_Manitoba" title="Winnipeg, Manitoba" class="mw-redirect">Winnipeg</a></b>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-23" title=""><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup></li><li><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="image" title="Flag of the People's Republic of China"><img alt="Flag of the People's Republic of China" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" border="0" height="15" /></a></span> <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></b>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China">China</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-24" title=""><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div style="-moz-column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="image" title="Flag of the People's Republic of China"><img alt="Flag of the People's Republic of China" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" border="0" height="15" /></a></span> <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></b>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="image" title="Flag of the People's Republic of China"><img alt="Flag of the People's Republic of China" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" border="0" height="15" /></a></span> <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></b>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Colombia.svg" class="image" title="Flag of Colombia"><img alt="Flag of Colombia" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" border="0" height="15" /></a></span> <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartagena,_Colombia" title="Cartagena, Colombia">Cartagena</a></b>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_India.svg" class="image" title="Flag of India"><img alt="Flag of India" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" border="0" height="15" /></a></span> <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></b>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Israel.svg" class="image" title="Flag of Israel"><img alt="Flag of Israel" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" border="0" height="16" /></a></span> <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a></b>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Japan.svg" class="image" title="Flag of Japan"><img alt="Flag of Japan" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" border="0" height="15" /></a></span> <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a></b>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Japan.svg" class="image" title="Flag of Japan"><img alt="Flag of Japan" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" border="0" height="15" /></a></span> <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yokohama" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a></b>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Panama.svg" class="image" title="Flag of Panama"><img alt="Flag of Panama" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/22px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" border="0" height="15" /></a></span> <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_City" title="Panama City">Panama City</a></b>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_South_Korea.svg" class="image" title="Flag of South Korea"><img alt="Flag of South Korea" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" border="0" height="15" /></a></span> <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busan</a></b>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_South_Korea.svg" class="image" title="Flag of South Korea"><img alt="Flag of South Korea" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" border="0" height="15" /></a></span> <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incheon" title="Incheon">Incheon</a></b>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="image" title="Flag of Spain"><img alt="Flag of Spain" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" border="0" height="15" /></a></span> <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="image" title="Flag of Russia"><img alt="Flag of Russia" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" border="0" height="15" /></a></span> <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg" class="image" title="Flag of the Republic of China"><img alt="Flag of the Republic of China" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" border="0" height="15" /></a></span> <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a></b>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-25" title=""><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup></li><li><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Thailand.svg" class="image" title="Flag of Thailand"><img alt="Flag of Thailand" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/22px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" border="0" height="15" /></a></span> <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></b>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="image" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" border="0" height="12" /></a></span> <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara</a></b>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA" title="USA" class="mw-redirect">USA</a> <sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_note-26" title=""><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup></li><li><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="image" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" border="0" height="12" /></a></span> <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a></b>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA" title="USA" class="mw-redirect">USA</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="image" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" border="0" height="12" /></a></span> <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></b>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA" title="USA" class="mw-redirect">USA</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="image" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" border="0" height="12" /></a></span> <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maui_County" title="Maui County" class="mw-redirect">Maui County</a></b>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA" title="USA" class="mw-redirect">USA</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="image" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" border="0" height="12" /></a></span> <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></b>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA" title="USA" class="mw-redirect">USA</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Vietnam.svg" class="image" title="Flag of Vietnam"><img alt="Flag of Vietnam" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/22px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="22" border="0" height="15" /></a></span> <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a></b>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div> <p><a name="See_also" id="See_also"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">See also</span></h2> <ul><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Manila" title="Imperial Manila">Imperial Manila</a>, a political epithet to describe Manila's role in national affairs.</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mega_Manila" title="Mega Manila">Mega Manila</a>, a larger, albeit geographical area of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a> and nearby provinces.</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_Casiguran_earthquake" title="1968 Casiguran earthquake">1968 Casiguran earthquake</a>, an earthquake the caused damage in Manila's Binondo district.</li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_by_population" title="List of metropolitan areas by population">List of metropolitan areas by population</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megacity" title="Megacity">Megacity</a></li></ul> <p><a name="References" id="References"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">References</span></h2> <div class="references-small"> <ol class="references"><li id="cite_note-demographia-0">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-demographia_0-0" title=""><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-demographia_0-1" title=""><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://www.demographia.com/db-world-metro2000.htm" class="external text" title="http://www.demographia.com/db-world-metro2000.htm" rel="nofollow">50 Largest World Metropolitan Areas Ranked: 2000 Estimates</a></li><li id="cite_note-wow-1">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-wow_1-0" title=""><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-wow_1-1" title=""><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-wow_1-2" title=""><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-wow_1-3" title=""><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://www.tourism.gov.ph/explore_phil/place_details.asp?content=description&province=80" class="external text" title="http://www.tourism.gov.ph/explore_phil/place_details.asp?content=description&province=80" rel="nofollow">Wow Philippines: Manila-Cosmopolitan City of the Philippines</a>. Accessed September 08, 2008.</li><li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-2" title="">^</a></b> E.M. Pospelov, <i>Geograficheskie nazvanie mira</i> (Moscow 1998).</li><li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-3" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="Journal" id="CITEREFAmbeth_Ocampo2008">Ambeth Ocampo (June 25, 2008), <i><a href="http://services.inquirer.net/print/print.php?article_id=20080625-144587" class="external text" title="http://services.inquirer.net/print/print.php?article_id=20080625-144587" rel="nofollow">Looking Back: Pre-Spanish Manila</a></i>, Philippine Daily Inquirer<span class="printonly">, <a href="http://services.inquirer.net/print/print.php?article_id=20080625-144587" class="external free" title="http://services.inquirer.net/print/print.php?article_id=20080625-144587" rel="nofollow">http://services.inquirer.net/print/print.php?article_id=20080625-144587</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved on 9 September 2008</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Looking+Back%3A+Pre-Spanish+Manila&rft.aulast=Ambeth+Ocampo&rft.au=Ambeth+Ocampo&rft.date=June+25%2C+2008&rft.pub=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fservices.inquirer.net%2Fprint%2Fprint.php%3Farticle_id%3D20080625-144587&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Manila"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-4" title="">^</a></b> <a href="http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/rb/rb5.html" class="external text" title="http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/rb/rb5.html" rel="nofollow">GaWC Research Bulletin 5</a></li><li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-5" title="">^</a></b> <a href="http://www.filipiniana.net/read_content.jsp?filename=BR2000000027&page=105&epage=105" class="external text" title="http://www.filipiniana.net/read_content.jsp?filename=BR2000000027&page=105&epage=105" rel="nofollow">Filipiniana: Act of Taking Possession of Luzon by Martin de Goiti</a>. Accessed September 06, 2008.</li><li id="cite_note-Blair1911pp173-174-6">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-Blair1911pp173-174_6-0" title=""><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-Blair1911pp173-174_6-1" title=""><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#CITEREFBlair1911" title="">Blair 1911</a>, pp. <a href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=philamer;cc=philamer;q1=blair;op2=and;op3=and;rgn=works;rgn1=author;rgn2=title;rgn3=title;idno=AFK2830.0001.003;didno=AFK2830.0001.003;view=image;seq=00000171" class="external text" title="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=philamer;cc=philamer;q1=blair;op2=and;op3=and;rgn=works;rgn1=author;rgn2=title;rgn3=title;idno=AFK2830.0001.003;didno=AFK2830.0001.003;view=image;seq=00000171" rel="nofollow">173-174</a></li><li id="cite_note-lonelyplanet-7">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-lonelyplanet_7-0" title=""><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-lonelyplanet_7-1" title=""><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://www.lonelyplanet.com/worldguide/philippines/manila/history" class="external text" title="http://www.lonelyplanet.com/worldguide/philippines/manila/history" rel="nofollow">History of Manila</a>. Accessed September 08, 2008.</li><li id="cite_note-tracy1995p54-8">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-tracy1995p54_8-0" title=""><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-tracy1995p54_8-1" title=""><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#CITEREFTracy1995" title="">Tracy 1995</a>, p. 54</li><li id="cite_note-tracy1995p58-9"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-tracy1995p58_9-0" title="">^</a></b> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#CITEREFTracy1995" title="">Tracy 1995</a>, p. 58</li><li id="cite_note-Fish2003p134-10"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-Fish2003p134_10-0" title="">^</a></b> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#CITEREFFish2003" title="">Fish 2003</a>, p. 134</li><li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-11" title="">^</a></b> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#CITEREFFish2003" title="">Fish 2003</a>, p. 158</li><li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-12" title="">^</a></b> <a href="http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq84-1.htm" class="external text" title="http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq84-1.htm" rel="nofollow">Battle of Manila Bay, 1 May 1898</a>. Accessed September 08, 2008.</li><li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-13" title="">^</a></b> <a href="http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Lodge_Committee_testimony_from_the_New_York_Times#Admiral_Dewey_Testifies" class="external text" title="http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Lodge_Committee_testimony_from_the_New_York_Times#Admiral_Dewey_Testifies" rel="nofollow">Admiral Dewey Testifies</a>. Accessed September 05, 2008.</li><li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-14" title="">^</a></b> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#CITEREFBoot.222002" title="">Boot"2002</a>, p. 125, "<i>As many as 200,000 civilians also died, victims of disease and famine and the cruelties of both sides.</i>";<br />^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#CITEREFKumar2000" title="">Kumar 2000</a>, p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page # needed</a></i>]</span></sup>, "<i>In the fifteen years that followed the defeat of the Spanish in Manila Bay in 1898, more Filipinos were killed by U.S. forces than by the Spanish in 300 years of colonization. Over 1.5 million died out of a total population of 6 million.</i>";<br />^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#CITEREFPainter1989" title="">Painter 1989</a>, p. 154, "<i>Hundreds of thousands of Filipinos died in battle, of disease, or of other war-related causes.</i>";<br />^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#CITEREFBayor2004" title="">Bayor 2004</a>, p. 335, "<i>Some seven thousand Americans and twenty thousand Filipinos were killed or wounded in the war, and hundreds of thousands of Filipinos – some estimates are as high as 1 million – died of war-related disease or famine.</i>";<br />^ <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="Journal" id="CITEREFGuillermo.2C_Emil2004">Guillermo, Emil (February 8, 2004), "A first taste of empire", <i>Milwaukee Journal Sentinel</i>: 03J</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+first+taste+of+empire&rft.jtitle=Milwaukee+Journal+Sentinel&rft.aulast=Guillermo%2C+Emil&rft.au=Guillermo%2C+Emil&rft.date=February+8%2C+2004&rft.pages=03J&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Manila"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> "<i>The Philippines: 20,000 military dead; 200,000 civilian dead. Some historians, however, put the toll higher – closer to 1 million Filipinos because of the disease and starvation that ensued.</i>", ([The Philippines: 20,000 military dead; 200,000 civilian dead. (<a href="http://nl.newsbank.com/sites/mwsb/" class="external text" title="http://nl.newsbank.com/sites/mwsb/" rel="nofollow">paid archive search</a>);<br />^ <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="Journal" id="CITEREFThe_Editors2003">The Editors (November 1, 2003), "<a href="http://www.monthlyreview.org/1103editors.htm" class="external text" title="http://www.monthlyreview.org/1103editors.htm" rel="nofollow">Kipling, the 'White Man's Burden,' and U.S. Imperialism</a>", <i>Monthly Review</i> <b>55</b> (6): 1<span class="printonly">, <a href="http://www.monthlyreview.org/1103editors.htm" class="external free" title="http://www.monthlyreview.org/1103editors.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.monthlyreview.org/1103editors.htm</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kipling%2C+the+%27White+Man%27s+Burden%2C%27+and+U.S.+Imperialism&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Review&rft.aulast=The+Editors&rft.au=The+Editors&rft.date=November+1%2C+2003&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.monthlyreview.org%2F1103editors.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Manila"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>, "<i>Although a quarter of the million is the “consensual” figure of historians, estimates of Filipino deaths from the war have ranged as high as one million, which would have meant depopulation of the islands by around one-sixth.</i>".</li><li id="cite_note-15"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-15" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="Journal" id="CITEREF"><a href="http://www.bartleby.com/65/ph/PhilipRep.html" class="external text" title="http://www.bartleby.com/65/ph/PhilipRep.html" rel="nofollow">"Philippines, The"</a>, <i>The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-07</i>, bartleby.com<span class="printonly">, <a href="http://www.bartleby.com/65/ph/PhilipRep.html" class="external free" title="http://www.bartleby.com/65/ph/PhilipRep.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.bartleby.com/65/ph/PhilipRep.html</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Philippines%2C+The&rft.atitle=The+Columbia+Encyclopedia%2C+Sixth+Edition.+2001-07&rft.pub=bartleby.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bartleby.com%2F65%2Fph%2FPhilipRep.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Manila"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>.</li><li id="cite_note-16"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-16" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="Journal" id="CITEREF"><i><a href="http://pinas.dlsu.edu.ph/history/history.html" class="external text" title="http://pinas.dlsu.edu.ph/history/history.html" rel="nofollow">Philippine History</a></i>, <a href="http://pinas.dlsu.edu.ph/" class="external text" title="http://pinas.dlsu.edu.ph/" rel="nofollow">Pinas</a>, <a href="http://www.dlsu.edu.ph/" class="external text" title="http://www.dlsu.edu.ph/" rel="nofollow">De La Salle University</a><span class="printonly">, <a href="http://pinas.dlsu.edu.ph/history/history.html" class="external free" title="http://pinas.dlsu.edu.ph/history/history.html" rel="nofollow">http://pinas.dlsu.edu.ph/history/history.html</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philippine+History&rft.pub=%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fpinas.dlsu.edu.ph%2F+Pinas%5D%2C+%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.dlsu.edu.ph%2F+De+La+Salle+University%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpinas.dlsu.edu.ph%2Fhistory%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Manila"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-encarta-17">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-encarta_17-0" title=""><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-encarta_17-1" title=""><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-encarta_17-2" title=""><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-encarta_17-3" title=""><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761578132/Manila.html" class="external text" title="http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761578132/Manila.html" rel="nofollow">MSN Encarta: Manila</a>. Accessed September 06, 2008.</li><li id="cite_note-18"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-18" title="">^</a></b> <a href="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/metro/view_article.php?article_id=83640" class="external text" title="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/metro/view_article.php?article_id=83640" rel="nofollow">Atienza willing to work with Lim despite Baywalk row - INQUIRER.net, Philippine News for Filipinos</a></li><li id="cite_note-manila-19"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-manila_19-0" title="">^</a></b> <a href="http://www.manila.gov.ph/cityhall.htm" class="external text" title="http://www.manila.gov.ph/cityhall.htm" rel="nofollow">Manila City Government website</a>. Accessed September 06, 2008.</li><li id="cite_note-20"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-20" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="Journal" id="CITEREF2008"><i><a href="http://demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf" class="external text" title="http://demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf" rel="nofollow">World Urban Areas: Population & Density</a></i>, emographia.com, August 2008, p. 80<span class="printonly">, <a href="http://demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf" class="external free" title="http://demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Urban+Areas%3A+Population+%26+Density&rft.date=August+2008&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B80&rft.pub=emographia.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemographia.com%2Fdb-worldua.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Manila"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-21"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-21" title="">^</a></b> <a href="http://www.mb.com.ph/issues/2007/04/14/MTNN2007041491763.html" class="external text" title="http://www.mb.com.ph/issues/2007/04/14/MTNN2007041491763.html" rel="nofollow">Free hospital, health aid in Manila assured</a>. Accessed September 09, 2008.</li><li id="cite_note-22"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-22" title="">^</a></b> <a href="http://www.gov.ph/news/default.asp?i=10558" class="external text" title="http://www.gov.ph/news/default.asp?i=10558" rel="nofollow">Manila-Montreal Sister City Agreement Holds Potential for Better Cooperation : Philippines : Gov.Ph : News</a></li><li id="cite_note-23"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-23" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="Journal" id="CITEREF"><i><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20051228134139/http://newwinnipeg.com/news/info/sister-cities.htm" class="external text" title="http://web.archive.org/web/20051228134139/http://newwinnipeg.com/news/info/sister-cities.htm" rel="nofollow">Sister Cities</a></i>, New Winnipeg<span class="printonly">, <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20051228134139/http://newwinnipeg.com/news/info/sister-cities.htm" class="external free" title="http://web.archive.org/web/20051228134139/http://newwinnipeg.com/news/info/sister-cities.htm" rel="nofollow">http://web.archive.org/web/20051228134139/http://newwinnipeg.com/news/info/sister-cities.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved on 9 September 2008</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sister+Cities&rft.pub=New+Winnipeg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20051228134139%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fnewwinnipeg.com%2Fnews%2Finfo%2Fsister-cities.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Manila"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> (archived from <a href="http://www.newwinnipeg.com/news/info/sister-cities.htm" class="external text" title="http://www.newwinnipeg.com/news/info/sister-cities.htm" rel="nofollow">the original</a> on 2005-12-28)</li><li id="cite_note-24"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-24" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="Journal" id="CITEREFAllison_Lopez2008">Allison Lopez (August 7, 2008), <i><a href="http://sports.inquirer.net/breakingnews/breakingnews/view/20080807-153276/Manila-mayor-flies-to-sister-city-for-Beijing-Olympics" class="external text" title="http://sports.inquirer.net/breakingnews/breakingnews/view/20080807-153276/Manila-mayor-flies-to-sister-city-for-Beijing-Olympics" rel="nofollow">Manila mayor flies to ‘sister city’ for Beijing Olympics</a></i>, Philippine Daily Inquirer<span class="printonly">, <a href="http://sports.inquirer.net/breakingnews/breakingnews/view/20080807-153276/Manila-mayor-flies-to-sister-city-for-Beijing-Olympics" class="external free" title="http://sports.inquirer.net/breakingnews/breakingnews/view/20080807-153276/Manila-mayor-flies-to-sister-city-for-Beijing-Olympics" rel="nofollow">http://sports.inquirer.net/breakingnews/breakingnews/view/20080807-153276/Manila-mayor-flies-to-sister-city-for-Beijing-Olympics</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved on 9 September 2008</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manila+mayor+flies+to+%E2%80%98sister+city%E2%80%99+for+Beijing+Olympics&rft.aulast=Allison+Lopez&rft.au=Allison+Lopez&rft.date=August+7%2C+2008&rft.pub=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsports.inquirer.net%2Fbreakingnews%2Fbreakingnews%2Fview%2F20080807-153276%2FManila-mayor-flies-to-sister-city-for-Beijing-Olympics&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Manila"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-25"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-25" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="Journal" id="CITEREF"><i><a href="http://www.protocol.taipei.gov.tw/sister/esister.htm" class="external text" title="http://www.protocol.taipei.gov.tw/sister/esister.htm" rel="nofollow">The 45 Sister Cities of taipei</a></i>, taipei.gov<span class="printonly">, <a href="http://www.protocol.taipei.gov.tw/sister/esister.htm" class="external free" title="http://www.protocol.taipei.gov.tw/sister/esister.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.protocol.taipei.gov.tw/sister/esister.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved on 9 September 2008</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+45+Sister+Cities+of+taipei&rft.pub=taipei.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.protocol.taipei.gov.tw%2Fsister%2Fesister.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Manila"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li><li id="cite_note-26"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#cite_ref-26" title="">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal;" class="Journal" id="CITEREF2006"><i><a href="http://www.santabarbaraca.gov/Government/Boards_and_Commissions_N-Z/Sister_Cities_Board/" class="external text" title="http://www.santabarbaraca.gov/Government/Boards_and_Commissions_N-Z/Sister_Cities_Board/" rel="nofollow">Sister Cities</a></i>, the City of Santa Barbara, California, November 17, 2006<span class="printonly">, <a href="http://www.santabarbaraca.gov/Government/Boards_and_Commissions_N-Z/Sister_Cities_Board/" class="external free" title="http://www.santabarbaraca.gov/Government/Boards_and_Commissions_N-Z/Sister_Cities_Board/" rel="nofollow">http://www.santabarbaraca.gov/Government/Boards_and_Commissions_N-Z/Sister_Cities_Board/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved on 9 September 2008</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sister+Cities&rft.date=November+17%2C+2006&rft.pub=the+City+of+Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.santabarbaraca.gov%2FGovernment%2FBoards_and_Commissions_N-Z%2FSister_Cities_Board%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Manila"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ol> </div> <p><a name="Bibliography" id="Bibliography"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Bibliography</span></h2> <ul><li><cite style="font-style: normal;" class="Journal" id="CITEREFBayor2004">Bayor, Ronald H (June 23, 2004), <i><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=o2eWvyig9SgC" class="external text" title="http://books.google.com/books?id=o2eWvyig9SgC" rel="nofollow">The Columbia Documentary History of Race and Ethnicity in America</a></i>, Columbia University Press, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0231119941" class="internal">ISBN 0-231-11994-1</a><span class="printonly">, <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=o2eWvyig9SgC" class="external free" title="http://books.google.com/books?id=o2eWvyig9SgC" rel="nofollow">http://books.google.com/books?id=o2eWvyig9SgC</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Columbia+Documentary+History+of+Race+and+Ethnicity+in+America&rft.aulast=Bayor&rft.aufirst=Ronald+H&rft.au=Bayor%2C+Ronald+H&rft.date=June+23%2C+2004&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.isbn=0-231-11994-1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do2eWvyig9SgC&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Manila"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>.</li><li><cite style="font-style: normal;" class="Journal" id="CITEREFBlair1911">Blair, Emma Helen, ed. (1911), <i><a href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=philamer&cc=philamer&idno=afk2830.0001.003&q1=blair&frm=frameset&view=image&seq=5" class="external text" title="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=philamer&cc=philamer&idno=afk2830.0001.003&q1=blair&frm=frameset&view=image&seq=5" rel="nofollow">The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803</a></i><span class="printonly">, <a href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=philamer&cc=philamer&idno=afk2830.0001.003&q1=blair&frm=frameset&view=image&seq=5" class="external free" title="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=philamer&cc=philamer&idno=afk2830.0001.003&q1=blair&frm=frameset&view=image&seq=5" rel="nofollow">http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=philamer&cc=philamer&idno=afk2830.0001.003&q1=blair&frm=frameset&view=image&seq=5</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Philippine+Islands%2C+1493-1803&rft.date=1911&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquod.lib.umich.edu%2Fcgi%2Ft%2Ftext%2Fpageviewer-idx%3Fc%3Dphilamer%26cc%3Dphilamer%26idno%3Dafk2830.0001.003%26q1%3Dblair%26frm%3Dframeset%26view%3Dimage%26seq%3D5&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Manila"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>, (Vol. 1, no. 3).</li><li><cite style="font-style: normal;" class="Journal" id="CITEREFBoot2002">Boot, Max (April 1, 2002), <i><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=0lIg-lGwqBoC" class="external text" title="http://books.google.com/books?id=0lIg-lGwqBoC" rel="nofollow">The Savage Wars of Peace: Small Wars and the Rise of American Power</a></i>, Basic Books, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0465007201" class="internal">ISBN 0-465-00720-1</a><span class="printonly">, <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=0lIg-lGwqBoC" class="external free" title="http://books.google.com/books?id=0lIg-lGwqBoC" rel="nofollow">http://books.google.com/books?id=0lIg-lGwqBoC</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Savage+Wars+of+Peace%3A+Small+Wars+and+the+Rise+of+American+Power&rft.aulast=Boot&rft.aufirst=Max&rft.au=Boot%2C+Max&rft.date=April+1%2C+2002&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.isbn=0-465-00720-1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0lIg-lGwqBoC&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Manila"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>.</li><li><cite style="font-style: normal;" class="Journal" id="CITEREFFish2003">Fish, Shirley (2003), <i><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=RdIEAAAACAAJ" class="external text" title="http://books.google.com/books?id=RdIEAAAACAAJ" rel="nofollow">When Britain Ruled the Philippines 1762-1764</a></i>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1410710696" class="internal">ISBN 1-4107-1069-6</a><span class="printonly">, <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=RdIEAAAACAAJ" class="external free" title="http://books.google.com/books?id=RdIEAAAACAAJ" rel="nofollow">http://books.google.com/books?id=RdIEAAAACAAJ</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+Britain+Ruled+the+Philippines+1762-1764&rft.aulast=Fish&rft.aufirst=Shirley&rft.au=Fish%2C+Shirley&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-4107-1069-6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRdIEAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Manila"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>.</li><li><cite style="font-style: normal;" class="Journal" id="CITEREFKumar1999">Kumar, Amitava (October 29, 1999), <i><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=AJfkKgAACAAJ" class="external text" title="http://books.google.com/books?id=AJfkKgAACAAJ" rel="nofollow">Poetics/Politics: Radical Aesthetics for the Classroom</a></i>, Palgrave, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0312218664" class="internal">ISBN 0-312-21866-4</a><span class="printonly">, <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=AJfkKgAACAAJ" class="external free" title="http://books.google.com/books?id=AJfkKgAACAAJ" rel="nofollow">http://books.google.com/books?id=AJfkKgAACAAJ</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poetics%2FPolitics%3A+Radical+Aesthetics+for+the+Classroom&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.aufirst=Amitava&rft.au=Kumar%2C+Amitava&rft.date=October+29%2C+1999&rft.pub=Palgrave&rft.isbn=0-312-21866-4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAJfkKgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Manila"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>.</li><li><cite style="font-style: normal;" class="Journal" id="CITEREFPainter1989">Painter, Nell Irvin (May 1, 1989), <i><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=5_gB8ABKAx0C" class="external text" title="http://books.google.com/books?id=5_gB8ABKAx0C" rel="nofollow">Standing at Armageddon: The United States, 1877–1919</a></i>, W. W. Norton & Company, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0393305880" class="internal">ISBN 0-393-30588-0</a><span class="printonly">, <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=5_gB8ABKAx0C" class="external free" title="http://books.google.com/books?id=5_gB8ABKAx0C" rel="nofollow">http://books.google.com/books?id=5_gB8ABKAx0C</a></span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standing+at+Armageddon%3A+The+United+States%2C+1877%E2%80%931919&rft.aulast=Painter&rft.aufirst=Nell+Irvin&rft.au=Painter%2C+Nell+Irvin&rft.date=May+1%2C+1989&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.isbn=0-393-30588-0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5_gB8ABKAx0C&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Manila"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>.</li></ul> <p><a name="External_links" id="External_links"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">External links</span></h2> <table class="metadata plainlinks ombox-small" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_page" title="commons:Main page"><img alt="Sister project" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="50" border="0" height="67" /></a></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> has media related to: <i><b><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Manila" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Manila">Manila</a></b></i></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="http://www.manila.gov.ph/" class="external text" title="http://www.manila.gov.ph" rel="nofollow">Official Website of the City of Manila</a></li><li><a href="http://wikitravel.org/en/Manila" class="extiw" title="wikitravel:Manila">Manila travel guide</a> from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikitravel" title="Wikitravel">Wikitravel</a></li></ul> <table class="navbox" style="" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding: 2px;"> <table id="collapsibleTable0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 100%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: inherit;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th style="" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><span style="float: right; font-weight: normal; text-align: right; width: 6em;">[<a href="javascript:collapseTable(0);" id="collapseButton0">show</a>]</span> <div style="float: left; width: 6em; text-align: left;"> <div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="border: medium none ; padding: 0pt; background-color: transparent; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: normal; font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Districts_of_Manila" title="Template:Districts of Manila"><span title="View this template" style="border: medium none ;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size: 80%;">•</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Districts_of_Manila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Districts of Manila (page does not exist)"><span style="border: medium none ; color: rgb(0, 43, 184);" title="Discussion about this template">d</span></a> <span style="font-size: 80%;">•</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Districts_of_Manila&action=edit" class="external text" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Districts_of_Manila&action=edit" rel="nofollow"><span style="border: medium none ; color: rgb(0, 43, 184);" title="You can edit this template. Please use the preview button before saving.">e</span></a></div> </div> <span style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila#Districts" title="Manila">Districts of</a> <strong class="selflink">Manila</strong></span></th> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"> <div> <p><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binondo,_Manila" title="Binondo, Manila">Binondo</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermita,_Manila" title="Ermita, Manila">Ermita</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramuros,_Manila" title="Intramuros, Manila">Intramuros</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malate,_Manila" title="Malate, Manila">Malate</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandacan,_Manila" title="Pandacan, Manila">Pandacan</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paco,_Manila" title="Paco, Manila">Paco</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Manila" title="Port of Manila">Port Area</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quiapo,_Manila" title="Quiapo, Manila">Quiapo</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampaloc,_Manila" title="Sampaloc, Manila">Sampaloc</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Andres,_Manila" title="San Andres, Manila">San Andres</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Miguel,_Manila" title="San Miguel, Manila">San Miguel</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Nicolas,_Manila" title="San Nicolas, Manila">San Nicolas</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Ana,_Manila" title="Santa Ana, Manila">Santa Ana</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Manila" title="Santa Cruz, Manila">Santa Cruz</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Mesa,_Manila" title="Santa Mesa, Manila">Santa Mesa</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tondo,_Manila" title="Tondo, Manila">Tondo</a></span></p> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table class="navbox" style="" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding: 2px;"> <table id="collapsibleTable1" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 100%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: inherit;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th style="" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><span style="float: right; font-weight: normal; text-align: right; width: 6em;">[<a href="javascript:collapseTable(1);" id="collapseButton1">show</a>]</span> <div style="float: left; width: 6em; text-align: left;"> <div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="border: medium none ; padding: 0pt; background-color: transparent; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: normal; font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Metro_Manila" title="Template:Metro Manila"><span title="View this template" style="border: medium none ;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size: 80%;">•</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Metro_Manila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Metro Manila (page does not exist)"><span style="border: medium none ; color: rgb(0, 43, 184);" title="Discussion about this template">d</span></a> <span style="font-size: 80%;">•</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Metro_Manila&action=edit" class="external text" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Metro_Manila&action=edit" rel="nofollow"><span style="border: medium none ; color: rgb(0, 43, 184);" title="You can edit this template. Please use the preview button before saving.">e</span></a></div> </div> <span style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metropolitan Manila</a></span></th> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 100%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: inherit;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0px;"> <table class="navbox-columns-table" style="text-align: left; width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="width: 5em;"> </td> <td style="padding: 0px; width: 10em;"> <div> <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caloocan_City" title="Caloocan City">Caloocan City</a><br /><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Pi%C3%B1as_City" title="Las Piñas City">Las Piñas City</a><br /><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taguig_City" title="Taguig City">Taguig City</a></p> </div> </td> <td style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); padding: 0px; width: 10em;"> <div> <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makati_City" title="Makati City">Makati City</a><br /><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malabon_City" title="Malabon City">Malabon City</a><br /><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valenzuela_City" title="Valenzuela City">Valenzuela City</a></p> </div> </td> <td style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); padding: 0px; width: 10em;"> <div> <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandaluyong_City" title="Mandaluyong City">Mandaluyong City</a><br /><strong class="selflink">Manila</strong><br /><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Juan_City" title="San Juan City">San Juan City</a></p> </div> </td> <td style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); padding: 0px; width: 10em;"> <div> <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marikina_City" title="Marikina City">Marikina City</a><br /><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntinlupa_City" title="Muntinlupa City">Muntinlupa City</a></p> </div> </td> <td style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); padding: 0px; width: 10em;"> <div> <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navotas_City" title="Navotas City">Navotas City</a><br /><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque_City" title="Parañaque City">Parañaque City</a><br /><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a></p> </div> </td> <td style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); padding: 0px; width: 10em;"> <div> <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasay_City" title="Pasay City">Pasay City</a><br /><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasig_City" title="Pasig City">Pasig City</a><br /><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pateros,_Metro_Manila" title="Pateros, Metro Manila">Pateros</a></p> </div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="" colspan="2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Manila_Development_Authority" title="Metropolitan Manila Development Authority">Metropolitan Manila Development Authority</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table class="navbox" style="" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding: 2px;"> <table id="collapsibleTable2" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 100%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: inherit;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th style="" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><span style="float: right; font-weight: normal; text-align: right; width: 6em;">[<a href="javascript:collapseTable(2);" id="collapseButton2">show</a>]</span> <div style="float: left; width: 6em; text-align: left;"> <div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="border: medium none ; padding: 0pt; background-color: transparent; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: normal; font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Philippine_cities" title="Template:Philippine cities"><span title="View this template" style="border: medium none ;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size: 80%;">•</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Philippine_cities&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Philippine cities (page does not exist)"><span style="border: medium none ; color: rgb(0, 43, 184);" title="Discussion about this template">d</span></a> <span style="font-size: 80%;">•</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Philippine_cities&action=edit" class="external text" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Philippine_cities&action=edit" rel="nofollow"><span style="border: medium none ; color: rgb(0, 43, 184);" title="You can edit this template. Please use the preview button before saving.">e</span></a></div> </div> <span style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cities_of_the_Philippines" title="Cities of the Philippines">Cities</a> of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></span></th> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cities_of_the_Philippines#Classification" title="Cities of the Philippines">Highly-urbanized Cities</a></td> <td style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angeles_City" title="Angeles City">Angeles</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacolod_City" title="Bacolod City">Bacolod</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baguio_City" title="Baguio City">Baguio</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butuan_City" title="Butuan City">Butuan</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagayan_de_Oro_City" title="Cagayan de Oro City">Cagayan de Oro</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caloocan_City" title="Caloocan City">Caloocan</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebu_City" title="Cebu City">Cebu</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davao_City" title="Davao City">Davao</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Santos_City" title="General Santos City">General Santos</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iligan_City" title="Iligan City">Iligan</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iloilo_City" title="Iloilo City">Iloilo</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapu-Lapu_City" title="Lapu-Lapu City">Lapu-Lapu</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Pi%C3%B1as_City" title="Las Piñas City">Las Piñas</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucena_City" title="Lucena City">Lucena</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makati_City" title="Makati City">Makati</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malabon_City" title="Malabon City">Malabon</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandaluyong_City" title="Mandaluyong City">Mandaluyong</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandaue_City" title="Mandaue City">Mandaue</a> • <strong class="selflink">Manila</strong> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marikina_City" title="Marikina City">Marikina</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntinlupa_City" title="Muntinlupa City">Muntinlupa</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navotas_City" title="Navotas City">Navotas</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olongapo_City" title="Olongapo City">Olongapo</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque_City" title="Parañaque City">Parañaque</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasay_City" title="Pasay City">Pasay</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasig_City" title="Pasig City">Pasig</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Princesa_City" title="Puerto Princesa City">Puerto Princesa</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Juan_City" title="San Juan City">San Juan</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taguig_City" title="Taguig City">Taguig</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valenzuela_City" title="Valenzuela City">Valenzuela</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamboanga_City" title="Zamboanga City">Zamboanga</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cities_of_the_Philippines#Classification" title="Cities of the Philippines">Independent Component<br />Cities</a></td> <td style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotabato_City" title="Cotabato City">Cotabato</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagupan_City" title="Dagupan City">Dagupan</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naga_City,_Camarines_Sur" title="Naga City, Camarines Sur">Naga</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ormoc_City" title="Ormoc City">Ormoc</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago_City" title="Santiago City">Santiago</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cities_of_the_Philippines#Classification" title="Cities of the Philippines">Component Cities</a></td> <td style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaminos_City" title="Alaminos City">Alaminos</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipolo_City" title="Antipolo City">Antipolo</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bago_City" title="Bago City">Bago</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bais_City" title="Bais City">Bais</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanga_City" title="Balanga City">Balanga</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batac_City,_Ilocos_Norte" title="Batac City, Ilocos Norte">Batac</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batangas_City" title="Batangas City">Batangas</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayawan_City" title="Bayawan City">Bayawan</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baybay_City" title="Baybay City">Baybay</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayugan_City" title="Bayugan City">Bayugan</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bislig_City" title="Bislig City">Bislig</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogo_City" title="Bogo City" class="mw-redirect">Bogo</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borongan_City" title="Borongan City" class="mw-redirect">Borongan</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabadbaran_City" title="Cabadbaran City">Cabadbaran</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabanatuan_City" title="Cabanatuan City">Cabanatuan</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadiz_City" title="Cadiz City">Cadiz</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calamba_City" title="Calamba City">Calamba</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calapan_City" title="Calapan City">Calapan</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calbayog_City" title="Calbayog City">Calbayog</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candon_City" title="Candon City">Candon</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canlaon_City" title="Canlaon City">Canlaon</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcar_City" title="Carcar City">Carcar</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catbalogan_City" title="Catbalogan City">Catbalogan</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauayan_City" title="Cauayan City">Cauayan</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavite_City" title="Cavite City">Cavite</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danao_City" title="Danao City">Danao</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapitan_City" title="Dapitan City">Dapitan</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digos_City" title="Digos City">Digos</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipolog_City" title="Dipolog City">Dipolog</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumaguete_City" title="Dumaguete City">Dumaguete</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador_City" title="El Salvador City">El Salvador</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escalante_City" title="Escalante City">Escalante</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gapan_City" title="Gapan City">Gapan</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingoog_City" title="Gingoog City">Gingoog</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guihulngan_City" title="Guihulngan City">Guihulngan</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himamaylan_City" title="Himamaylan City">Himamaylan</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iriga_City" title="Iriga City">Iriga</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabela_City" title="Isabela City">Isabela</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabankalan_City" title="Kabankalan City">Kabankalan</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidapawan_City" title="Kidapawan City">Kidapawan</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronadal_City" title="Koronadal City">Koronadal</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Carlota_City" title="La Carlota City">La Carlota</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laoag_City" title="Laoag City">Laoag</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamitan_City" title="Lamitan City" class="mw-redirect">Lamitan</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legazpi_City" title="Legazpi City">Legazpi</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligao_City" title="Ligao City">Ligao</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipa_City" title="Lipa City">Lipa</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maasin_City" title="Maasin City">Maasin</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaybalay_City" title="Malaybalay City">Malaybalay</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malolos_City" title="Malolos City">Malolos</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marawi_City" title="Marawi City">Marawi</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masbate_City" title="Masbate City">Masbate</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mati_City" title="Mati City">Mati</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meycauayan_City,_Bulacan" title="Meycauayan City, Bulacan" class="mw-redirect">Meycauayan</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_City_of_Mu%C3%B1oz" title="Science City of Muñoz">Muñoz</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oroquieta_City" title="Oroquieta City">Oroquieta</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozamiz_City" title="Ozamiz City">Ozamiz</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagadian_City" title="Pagadian City">Pagadian</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palayan_City" title="Palayan City">Palayan</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panabo_City" title="Panabo City">Panabo</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passi_City" title="Passi City">Passi</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roxas_City" title="Roxas City">Roxas</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagay_City" title="Sagay City">Sagay</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_Garden_City_of_Samal" title="Island Garden City of Samal">Samal</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Carlos_City,_Negros_Occidental" title="San Carlos City, Negros Occidental">San Carlos (Negros Occidental)</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Carlos_City,_Pangasinan" title="San Carlos City, Pangasinan">San Carlos (Pangasinan)</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Fernando_City,_La_Union" title="San Fernando City, La Union">San Fernando (La Union)</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_San_Fernando,_Pampanga" title="City of San Fernando, Pampanga">San Fernando (Pampanga)</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Jose_City,_Nueva_Ecija" title="San Jose City, Nueva Ecija">San Jose</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Jose_del_Monte_City,_Bulacan" title="San Jose del Monte City, Bulacan" class="mw-redirect">San Jose del Monte</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Pablo_City" title="San Pablo City">San Pablo</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Rosa_City" title="Santa Rosa City">Santa Rosa</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silay_City" title="Silay City">Silay</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipalay_City" title="Sipalay City">Sipalay</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorsogon_City" title="Sorsogon City">Sorsogon</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surigao_City" title="Surigao City">Surigao</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabaco_City" title="Tabaco City">Tabaco</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabuk_City,_Kalinga" title="Tabuk City, Kalinga" class="mw-redirect">Tabuk</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacloban_City" title="Tacloban City">Tacloban</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacurong_City" title="Tacurong City">Tacurong</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagaytay_City" title="Tagaytay City">Tagaytay</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagbilaran_City" title="Tagbilaran City">Tagbilaran</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagum_City" title="Tagum City">Tagum</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talisay_City,_Cebu" title="Talisay City, Cebu">Talisay (Cebu)</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talisay_City,_Negros_Occidental" title="Talisay City, Negros Occidental">Talisay (Negros Occidental)</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanauan_City" title="Tanauan City">Tanauan</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandag_City" title="Tandag City">Tandag</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangub_City" title="Tangub City">Tangub</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanjay_City" title="Tanjay City">Tanjay</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarlac_City" title="Tarlac City">Tarlac</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toledo_City" title="Toledo City">Toledo</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trece_Martires_City" title="Trece Martires City">Trece Martires</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuguegarao_City" title="Tuguegarao City">Tuguegarao</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdaneta_City" title="Urdaneta City">Urdaneta</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valencia_City,_Bukidnon" title="Valencia City, Bukidnon">Valencia</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorias_City" title="Victorias City">Victorias</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigan_City" title="Vigan City">Vigan</a></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table class="navbox" style="" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding: 2px;"> <table id="collapsibleTable3" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 100%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: inherit;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th style="" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><span style="float: right; font-weight: normal; text-align: right; width: 6em;">[<a href="javascript:collapseTable(3);" id="collapseButton3">show</a>]</span> <div style="float: left; width: 6em; text-align: left;"> <div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="border: medium none ; padding: 0pt; background-color: transparent; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: normal; font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Philippines_political_divisions" title="Template:Philippines political divisions"><span title="View this template" style="border: medium none ;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size: 80%;">•</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Philippines_political_divisions" title="Template talk:Philippines political divisions"><span style="border: medium none ; color: rgb(0, 43, 184);" title="Discussion about this template">d</span></a> <span style="font-size: 80%;">•</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Philippines_political_divisions&action=edit" class="external text" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Philippines_political_divisions&action=edit" rel="nofollow"><span style="border: medium none ; color: rgb(0, 43, 184);" title="You can edit this template. Please use the preview button before saving.">e</span></a></div> </div> <span style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></span></th> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_of_the_Philippines" title="Capital of the Philippines">Capital</a></td> <td style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><b><strong class="selflink">Manila</strong></b> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">National Capital Region</a></div> </td> <td style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 2px; width: 0%;" rowspan="7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg" class="image" title="Flag of the Philippines.svg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" class="thumbborder" width="80" border="0" height="40" /></a></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Philippines" title="Provinces of the Philippines">Provinces</a></td> <td style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abra_%28province%29" title="Abra (province)">Abra</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agusan_del_Norte" title="Agusan del Norte">Agusan del Norte</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agusan_del_Sur" title="Agusan del Sur">Agusan del Sur</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aklan" title="Aklan">Aklan</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albay" title="Albay">Albay</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antique_%28province%29" title="Antique (province)">Antique</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apayao" title="Apayao">Apayao</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_%28province%29" title="Aurora (province)">Aurora</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilan" title="Basilan">Basilan</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataan" title="Bataan">Bataan</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batanes" title="Batanes">Batanes</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batangas" title="Batangas">Batangas</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benguet" title="Benguet">Benguet</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biliran" title="Biliran">Biliran</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohol" title="Bohol">Bohol</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukidnon" title="Bukidnon">Bukidnon</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulacan" title="Bulacan">Bulacan</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagayan" title="Cagayan">Cagayan</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camarines_Norte" title="Camarines Norte">Camarines Norte</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camarines_Sur" title="Camarines Sur">Camarines Sur</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camiguin" title="Camiguin">Camiguin</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capiz" title="Capiz">Capiz</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catanduanes" title="Catanduanes">Catanduanes</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavite" title="Cavite">Cavite</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compostela_Valley" title="Compostela Valley">Compostela Valley</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotabato" title="Cotabato">Cotabato</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davao_del_Norte" title="Davao del Norte">Davao del Norte</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davao_del_Sur" title="Davao del Sur">Davao del Sur</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davao_Oriental" title="Davao Oriental">Davao Oriental</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinagat_Islands" title="Dinagat Islands">Dinagat Islands</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Samar" title="Eastern Samar">Eastern Samar</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guimaras" title="Guimaras">Guimaras</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifugao" title="Ifugao">Ifugao</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocos_Norte" title="Ilocos Norte">Ilocos Norte</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocos_Sur" title="Ilocos Sur">Ilocos Sur</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iloilo" title="Iloilo">Iloilo</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabela_%28province%29" title="Isabela (province)">Isabela</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalinga" title="Kalinga">Kalinga</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Union" title="La Union">La Union</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laguna_%28province%29" title="Laguna (province)">Laguna</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanao_del_Norte" title="Lanao del Norte">Lanao del Norte</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanao_del_Sur" title="Lanao del Sur">Lanao del Sur</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyte" title="Leyte">Leyte</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maguindanao" title="Maguindanao">Maguindanao</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marinduque" title="Marinduque">Marinduque</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masbate" title="Masbate">Masbate</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misamis_Occidental" title="Misamis Occidental">Misamis Occidental</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misamis_Oriental" title="Misamis Oriental">Misamis Oriental</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_Province" title="Mountain Province">Mountain Province</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negros_Occidental" title="Negros Occidental">Negros Occidental</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negros_Oriental" title="Negros Oriental">Negros Oriental</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Samar" title="Northern Samar">Northern Samar</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Ecija" title="Nueva Ecija">Nueva Ecija</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Vizcaya" title="Nueva Vizcaya">Nueva Vizcaya</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occidental_Mindoro" title="Occidental Mindoro">Occidental Mindoro</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental_Mindoro" title="Oriental Mindoro">Oriental Mindoro</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palawan" title="Palawan">Palawan</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampanga" title="Pampanga">Pampanga</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangasinan" title="Pangasinan">Pangasinan</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quezon" title="Quezon">Quezon</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quirino" title="Quirino">Quirino</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizal" title="Rizal">Rizal</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romblon" title="Romblon">Romblon</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samar" title="Samar">Samar</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarangani" title="Sarangani">Sarangani</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siquijor" title="Siquijor">Siquijor</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorsogon" title="Sorsogon">Sorsogon</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Cotabato" title="South Cotabato">South Cotabato</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Leyte" title="Southern Leyte">Southern Leyte</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Kudarat" title="Sultan Kudarat">Sultan Kudarat</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulu" title="Sulu">Sulu</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surigao_del_Norte" title="Surigao del Norte">Surigao del Norte</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surigao_del_Sur" title="Surigao del Sur">Surigao del Sur</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarlac" title="Tarlac">Tarlac</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawi-Tawi" title="Tawi-Tawi">Tawi-Tawi</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambales" title="Zambales">Zambales</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamboanga_del_Norte" title="Zamboanga del Norte">Zamboanga del Norte</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamboanga_del_Sur" title="Zamboanga del Sur">Zamboanga del Sur</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamboanga_Sibugay" title="Zamboanga Sibugay">Zamboanga Sibugay</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Philippines" title="Administrative divisions of the Philippines">Other subdivisions</a></td> <td style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_groups_of_the_Philippines" title="Island groups of the Philippines">Island groups</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regions_of_the_Philippines" title="Regions of the Philippines">Regions</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cities_of_the_Philippines" title="Cities of the Philippines">Cities</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_Philippines" title="Municipalities of the Philippines">Municipalities</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barangay" title="Barangay">Barangays</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative_districts_of_the_Philippines" title="Legislative districts of the Philippines">Legislative districts</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disputed_territories" title="Disputed territories" class="mw-redirect">Territorial disputes</a></td> <td style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarborough_Shoal" title="Scarborough Shoal">Scarborough Shoal</a> • <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spratly_Islands" title="Spratly Islands">Spratly Islands</a></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table class="navbox" style="" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding: 2px;"> <table id="collapsibleTable4" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 100%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: inherit;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th style="" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><span style="float: right; font-weight: normal; text-align: right; width: 6em;">[<a href="javascript:collapseTable(4);" id="collapseButton4">show</a>]</span> <div style="float: left; width: 6em; text-align: left;"> <div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="border: medium none ; padding: 0pt; background-color: transparent; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: normal; font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:List_of_Asian_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of Asian capitals by region"><span title="View this template" style="border: medium none ;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size: 80%;">•</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_Asian_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of Asian capitals by region"><span style="border: medium none ; color: rgb(0, 43, 184);" title="Discussion about this template">d</span></a> <span style="font-size: 80%;">•</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:List_of_Asian_capitals_by_region&action=edit" class="external text" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:List_of_Asian_capitals_by_region&action=edit" rel="nofollow"><span style="border: medium none ; color: rgb(0, 43, 184);" title="You can edit this template. Please use the preview button before saving.">e</span></a></div> </div> <span style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_%28political%29" title="Capital (political)">Capitals</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a></span></th> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 100%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: inherit;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding: 0px;"> <table class="navbox-columns-table" style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style=""><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a></b></td> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253);"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a></b></td> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253);"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a></b></td> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253);"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwest_Asia" title="Southwest Asia">Southwest Asia</a></b></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="padding: 0px; width: 18em;"> <div> <div style="padding-left: 0.5em;"> <p><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></i> <sup><small>†</small></sup><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishkek" title="Bishkek">Bishkek</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dushanbe" title="Dushanbe">Dushanbe</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashgabat" title="Ashgabat">Ashgabat</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tashkent" title="Tashkent">Tashkent</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></i></span></p> <div style="background: rgb(221, 221, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 94%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; text-align: center;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a></b></span></div> <p><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China (PRC)</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulan_Bator" title="Ulan Bator">Ulan Bator</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></i> <sup><small>1</small></sup><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_China" title="Republic of China">Republic of China (ROC)</a></i> <sup><small>2</small></sup><br /></span></p> </div> <div style="background: rgb(221, 221, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 94%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; text-align: center;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Asia" title="North Asia">North Asia</a></b></div> <p><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></i> <sup><small>†</small></sup><br /></p> </div> </td> <td style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); padding: 0px; width: 15em;"> <div> <p><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thimphu" title="Thimphu">Thimphu</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C3%A9" title="Malé">Malé</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Jayawardenapura-Kotte" title="Sri Jayawardenapura-Kotte">Kotte</a></b><sup><small>3</small></sup>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharamsala" title="Dharamsala">Dharamsala</a></b><sup><small>8</small></sup>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharamsala" title="Dharamsala">Dharamsala</a></i><br /></span></p> </div> </td> <td style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); padding: 0px; width: 18em;"> <div> <p><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan">Bandar Seri Begawan</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naypyidaw" title="Naypyidaw">Naypyidaw</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burma" title="Burma">Burma (Myanmar)</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dili" title="Dili">Dili</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vientiane" title="Vientiane">Vientiane</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></i> <sup><small>4</small></sup><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putrajaya" title="Putrajaya">Putrajaya</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></i> <sup><small>5</small></sup><br /><b><strong class="selflink">Manila</strong></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></i><br /></span></p> </div> </td> <td style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(253, 253, 253); padding: 0px; width: 32em;"> <div> <div style="-moz-column-count: 2;"> <p><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></i> <sup><small>6</small></sup><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></i> <sup><small>‡</small></sup><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></i> <sup><small>†</small></sup><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manama" title="Manama">Manama</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></i> <sup><small>‡</small></sup><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_%28country%29" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></i> <sup><small>†</small></sup><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></i> <sup><small>7</small></sup><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait_City" title="Kuwait City">Kuwait City</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscat,_Oman" title="Muscat, Oman">Muscat</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></i> <sup><small>†</small></sup><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Dhabi_%28city%29" title="Abu Dhabi (city)" class="mw-redirect">Abu Dhabi</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">UAE</a></i><br /><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sana%27a" title="Sana'a">Sana'a</a></b>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></i><br /></span></p> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 2px; display: none;"> <td></td> </tr> <tr style="display: none;"> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="padding: 0.5em 0pt 0.3em; line-height: 1.3em;" colspan="2"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><sup><small>1</small></sup> Often considered part of Central Asia. </span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><sup><small>2</small></sup> Commonly known as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>. </span><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><sup><small>3</small></sup> Full name is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Jayawardenapura-Kotte" title="Sri Jayawardenapura-Kotte">Sri Jayawardenapura-Kotte</a>. </span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><sup><small>4</small></sup> Formal. </span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><sup><small>5</small></sup> Administrative. </span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><sup><small>6</small></sup> Often considered part of Central or South Asia. </span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><sup><small>7</small></sup> See <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positions_on_Jerusalem" title="Positions on Jerusalem">Positions on Jerusalem</a> for details on Jerusalem's status as capital. </span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><sup><small>8</small></sup> See <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Tibetan_Administration" title="Central Tibetan Administration">Central Tibetan Administration</a> for details of the Tibetan government-in-exile</span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><sup><small>†</small></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_spanning_more_than_one_continent" title="List of countries spanning more than one continent">Transcontinental country</a>. </span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"><sup><small>‡</small></sup> Entirely in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwest_Asia" title="Southwest Asia">Southwest Asia</a> but having socio-political connections with Europe.</span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <!-- NewPP limit report Preprocessor node count: 16166/1000000 Post-expand include size: 201571/2048000 bytes Template argument size: 105195/2048000 bytes Expensive parser function count: 14/500 --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:184334-0!1!0!default!!en!2 and timestamp 20081215123101 --> <div class="printfooter"> Retrieved from "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila</a>"</div> <div id="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <span dir="ltr"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Capitals_in_Asia" title="Category:Capitals in Asia">Capitals in Asia</a></span> | <span dir="ltr"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Manila" title="Category:Manila">Manila</a></span> | <span dir="ltr"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Port_cities_and_towns_in_the_Philippines" title="Category:Port cities and towns in the Philippines">Port cities and towns in the Philippines</a></span></div>yosef tejasukmanahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07294875116664513959noreply@blogger.com1